Notes in 13Respi1

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) contraction of diaphragm (2) length of chest cavity{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) relaxation of diaphragm (2) length of chest cavity{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Quiet breathing is accomplished almost entirely by the {{c1::diaphragm}}.
Published	07/30/2024	muscles of inspiration:> {{c1::external intercostals}}> {{c1::sternocleidomastoid}}> {{c1::anterior serrati}}> {{c1::s…
Published	07/30/2024	muscles of expiration:> {{c1::abdominal recti}}> {{c1::internal intercostals}}action: {{c2::pull the ribcage downward during…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::intra-alveolar/alveolar pressure}}: {{c2::refers to pressure within the alveoli that keeps them open::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::intrapleular pressure}}: {{c2::refers to pressure within the pleural cavity::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] (1) atmospheric pressure (2) alveolar pressure without airflow {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::760 mmHg or 0 cm H2O}}: value of alveolar pressure (PA) when there is no airflow
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::756 mmHg or -4 cm H2O}}: normal value of intrapleural pressure (Ppl)
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] In a standing person, (1) pleural pressure at the base of the lungs (2) pleural pressure at the apex of the lungs{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::transpulmonary/translung pressure}}: {{c2::refers to the pressure gradient across  the lungs and is also known as recoil pressure::def…
Published	07/30/2024	formula for transpulmonary pressure (PL):> {{c1::PL = PA - Ppl}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] during inspiration (1) atmospheric pressure (2) alveolar pressure{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] during expiration (1) atmospheric pressure (2) alveolar pressure{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] pleural pressure during (1) inspiration (2) expiration{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) pressure (2) volume{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	four lung volumes:> {{c1::inspiratory reserve volume}}> {{c1::tidal volume}}> {{c1::expiratory reserve volume}}> {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::inspiratory reserve volume}}: {{c2::extra volume of air that can be inspired above the normal tidal volume::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::tidal volume}}: {{c2::volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::expiratory reserve volume}}: {{c2::maximum extra volume of air that can be expired forcefully after the end of a normal tidal expiration::d…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::residual volume}}: {{c2::remaining air in the lungs at the end of a forceful expiration (cannot be expired; prevents lungs from collapsing)…
Published	07/30/2024	four lung capacities:> {{c1::total lung capacity}}> {{c1::vital capacity}}> {{c1::inspiratory capacity}}> {{c1::functi…
Published	07/30/2024	Total Lung Capacity = {{c1::IRV + TV + ERV + RV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Inspiratory Capacity = {{c1::TV + IRV}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::compliance}}: {{c2::the extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	lung compliance is determined by:> {{c1::elastin and collagen content}}> {{c2::surface tension}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] determinants of lung compliance (1) elastin and collagen content (2) surface tension{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Boyle's law}} states that {{c2::pressure is inversely proportional to volume}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::surface tension}}: {{c2::force exerted by water molecules on the surface of the alveoli as water molecules pull toward each other::definito…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] tendency to collapse (1) alveoli with smaller radii (2) alveoli with bigger radii{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] at a constant surface tension, pressure would be higher in (1) alveoli with smaller radii (2) alveoli with bigger radii{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for Law of Laplace:
Published	07/30/2024	formula for Poiseuille's Law
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::type II pneumocytes}}:: alveolar epithelial cells that produce pulmonary surfactants
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] surface tension in alveoli (1) with surfactant (2) without surfactant{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine}}: most notable constituent of surfactant
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] amount of surfactant molecules (1) alveoli with small radii (2) alveoli with large radii{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) surfactants (2) lung compliance{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Surfactants do not develop until weeks {{c1::24-28}} and do not begin to mature until week {{c2::34}} of gestation.
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) dexamethasone/betamethasone (2) surfacant production{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] pleural pressure needed (1) beginning of inspiration (2) beginning of expiration{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) asthma (2) airway resistance{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) COPD (2) airway resistance{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for Ohm's Law
Published	07/30/2024	formula for Poiseuille's Law when combined with Ohm's Law:
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) pressure difference (2) air flow{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) viscosity (2) resistance{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) length (2) resistance{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) radius (2) resistance{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	parts of the respiratory tract that experience greater resistance, higher air velocities, and turbulent flow:> {{c1::nose}}> {{c1::tra…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::work of breathing}}: {{c2::energy required to overcome elastic and resistive elements of the respiratory system::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for work of breathing:{{c1::WOB = PV}}
Published	07/30/2024	elastic work is distributed into:> {{c1::compliance or elastic work}}> {{c1::tissue resistance work}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Compliance/elastic work}} is required to {{c2::expand the lungs against lung and chest elastic forces (surface tension)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tissue resistance work}} is required to {{c2::overcome viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures (elastin and collagen content)}}.
Published	07/30/2024	non-elastic work = {{c1::airway resistance}} work
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Airway resistance work}} is required to {{c2::overcome airway resistance to movement of air into the lungs}}.
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) respiratory rate (2) elastic work{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) respiratory rate (2) non-elastic work{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Restrictive}} lung diseases shift the pressure-volume curve to the {{c2::right}}.
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) lung compliance{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) elastic work{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] decreased lung compliance is caused by  (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) obstructive lung diseases{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] increased airway resistance is caused by  (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) obstructive lung diseases{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] area of elastic work in pressure-volume curve (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) obstructive lung diseases{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] area of non-elastic work in pressure-volume curve (1) restrictive lung diseases (2) obstructive lung diseases{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::minute ventilation}}: {{c2::refers to the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute::definition}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for minute ventilation:{{c1::VE = tidal volume x respiratory rate}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for dead space ventilation:{{c1::DSV = dead space volume x respiratory rate}}
Published	07/30/2024	formula for alveolar ventilation:{{c1::VA = (TV - DSV) x RR}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::restrictive lung diseases}}, FVC is {{c2::decreased}} while FEV1 is {{c2::normal/decreased}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::obstructive lung diseases}}, FVC is {{c2::normal}} while FEV1 is {{c2::decreased}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Vital Capacity = {{c1::Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) + Tidal Volume (TV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Functional Residual Capacity = {{c1::ERV + Residual Volume (RV)}}
Status	Last Update	Fields