Notes in 02Microscopy&BacterialStaining

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Published	07/30/2024	The magnification of a light microscope eyepiece ranges from {{c1::5x to 10x}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In a light microscope, objective lenses have a magnification that ranges from {{c1::4x to 100x}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Electron microscopes produce only black and white images.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}} Electron microscopes can be used to examine living specimen.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acid fast staining}} is a differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, such as members of the {{c2::Mycobacterium}} g…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Negative}} staining is done to study the natural morphological shapes, sizes, and arrangements of bacteria too delicate to be heat-fixed an…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stereomicroscopes::Type of Microscope}} are used to look at a variety of samples that you could hold in your hand.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Compound microscopes::Type of Microscope}} are commonly used in the medical field to view samples that could not be seen by the naked …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Inverted microscopes::Type of Microscope}} have objective lenses below the stage.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Biological inverted microscopes::Type of Microscope}} are used in in vitro fertilization, live cell imaging, cell biology, and in…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Metallurgical inverted microscopes::Type of Microscope}} are used in samples that are not in a petri dish, or in samples with 1 side t…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Polarizing microscopes::Type of Microscope}} use polarized light along with transmitted or reflected illumination to examine chemicals, ros…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Electron microscopes do not need light to create an image.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scanning electron microscopes::Type of Microscope}} are excellent for studying surface morphology of the organisms, cells or any suita…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transmission electron microscopes::Type of Microscope}} are used to study the ultra-structure of the cell and its components.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transmission}} electron microscopes provide details about internal composition of cells or any suitable material under study.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::TEM::SEM/TEM}} are higher resolution electron microscopes.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::TEM::SEM/TEM}} produce 2D black and white images.
Published	07/30/2024	The dual light paths inside a {{c1::stereomicroscope::Type of Microscope}} lead to layered imaging and provides a 3D image.
Published	07/30/2024	The magnification of a {{c1::stereomicroscope::microscope type}} ranges from {{c2::10x}} to {{c2::40x}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Electron microscopes::Type of Microscope}} have the highest power and resolution available.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Electron microscopes::Type of Microscope}} send accelerated electrons across or through a specimen to render a digital image.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Staining}} is a technique that is used to enable better visualization of cells and their parts under the microscope.
Published	07/30/2024	Histological StainingHistochemical Staining (histochemistry)Immunohistochemical Staining
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Histological}} staining is the process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Histochemical}} staining is the process whereby various constituents of tissues are studied through {{c2::chemical reactions}} th…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::immunohistochemical}} staining, the combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques allow phenotypic markes to be detected by an…
Published	07/30/2024	Direct StainingIndirect StainingDifferential Staining
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Indirect}} staining uses a {{c2::mordant}} or another agent to intensify the action of the dye used.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Differential}} staining is a process which uses more than one stain to better differentiate between microorganisms.
Published	07/30/2024	1. Heat fixation2. Add crystal violet and leave it on for 30 seconds. After that, rinse the slide with deionized water.3. Add Gram's iodine and leave …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}} Having a heavy smear is key to visualizing the desired structures better.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} In Gram staining, it is recommended that the culture used is less than 24 hours old.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Over-decolorizing is not recommended.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::F::T/F}} During heat fixation, it is okay to put the slide close to the flame because cell walls can withstand the heat.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Kinyoun}} method is an acid-fast staining method that does not use heat and consequently produces less toxic fumes.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ziehl-Neelsen}} is a method of acid-fast staining that requires {{c3::heat}} which helps soften the wax of the bacterial cell wall, allowin…
Published	07/30/2024	Gram StainingMordant: {{c1::Gram's iodine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gram StainingDecolorizer: {{c1::Ethanol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gram StainingSecondary Dye: {{c1::Safranin}}
Published	07/30/2024	The Ziehl-Neelsen method requires an {{c1::oil immersion}} objective for viewing.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::Ziehl-Neelsen}} staining method stains all {{c1::non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)}} well.
Published	07/30/2024	Acid-Fast StainingDecolorizer: {{c1::Acid alcohol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Acid-Fast StainingSecondary Dye: {{c1::Methylene blue}}
Published	07/30/2024	1. Fixation2. Cover the smear with carbolfuchsin for 5 minutes. Rinse the slide with distilled water.3. Rinse the smear with acid-alcohol for 1 minute…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fluorescent AFB}} staining is recommended by CDC over {{c2::Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast}} stain because it is faster, read at a lower magnifica…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::fluorescent AFB}} staining, {{c2::auramine-O}} and {{c2::auramine rhodamine}} are used as stains.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Negative}} staining is used to study the morphological shape, size, and arrangement of bacteria cells that are difficult to stain/fix.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Negative}} staining stains the background instead of the organism.
Published	07/30/2024	Gram-positive bacteria stains {{c1::deep blue::color}}, retains {{c2::crystal violet-iodine complex}} because of {{c3::teichoic acid}} in their cell w…
Published	07/30/2024	Gram-negative bacteria stains {{c1::pink/red::color}}, retains {{c2::safranin}} because of {{c3::lipopolysaccharide}} in their cell wall.
Published	07/30/2024	The magnification of a stereomicroscope ranges from {{c1::10x}} to {{c1::40x}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gram}} stain is a differential staining technique used to differentiate two major groups of bacteria via the constituents of their {{c…
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