Notes in 03 Physical Examination of the Newborn

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Published	07/30/2024	Full Born Examination is performed within {{c1::24 hours::time}} of birth when the infant has completed transition
Published	07/30/2024	Interpretation of the findings are related to the {{c1::age}} of the baby when it was noted
Published	07/30/2024	Why shouldn't you undress the infant immediately to undergo PE?{{c1::Hypothermia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sequence for the Newborn PE:Observation of general appearance{{c1::Asucultate breath sounds and heart soundsHead, Neck, and EyesTrunkPalpate abdomenFe…
Published	07/30/2024	When you feel the femoral pulses of a newborn, compare it with their {{c1::radial}} pulses
Published	07/30/2024	In a Newborn PE, we do not perform {{c1::percussion::part of PE}}
Published	07/30/2024	When observing the general appearance of the newborn, take note of 3 important things:{{c1::ColorActivity (flexed and active)Tone (flexion)}}
Published	07/30/2024	What vital signs do your procure for a newborn PE?{{c1::HRRRTempO2 Sat::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Newborn Respiratory Rate{{c1::40-60}} bpm
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Newborn Temperature{{c1::36.5-37.2}} C via the {{c2::axillary}} route
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Fetal Oxygen Saturation{{c1::>95}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Birth length is obtained {{c1::lying down}} for px <{{c2::2}} y/o and recorded to the nearest {{c3::0.1}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Newborn Occipito-Frontal Circumference{{c1::34-36}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	To measure occipito-frontal circumference, place the tape measure around the occipital and {{c1::glabellar}} area
Published	07/30/2024	Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis or Mongolian spots are important to take note of to rule out {{c1::child abuse}} in the future
Published	07/30/2024	Anthropometric measurements are plotted using the {{c1::Lubchenco’s chart and WHO z-score chart}}
Published	07/30/2024	Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis or Mongolian Spots are common among babies of {{c1::asian}} descent
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Newborn Chest Circumference{{c1::32-33}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	At birth, the skin is extensively covered with {{c1::vernix caseosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal Skin Appearance{{c1::Red, smooth, softer, and thinner}} Becomes {{c1::dry, flaky, and pink}} by the {{c2::second or third day}}&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	Acrocyanosis Treatment: {{c1::None}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see mottling or cutis marmorata at a day after birth, think of {{c1::general circulatory instability from infection/sepsis}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see mottling or cutis marmorata at birth, think of {{c1::general circulatory instability from underdeveloped circulatory system (preterm)}} or …
Published	07/30/2024	All babies are born w/ {{c1::cyanotic}}-like skin then they become {{c2::pale pink with acrocyanosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where do you observe for central cyanosis in a newborn?{{c1::circumoral or perioral area}}
Published	07/30/2024	Significant cyanosis in the newborn may be masked by the {{c1::pallor of circulatory failure or anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	How much hypoxemia is involved in acrocyanosis?{{c1::None}}
Published	07/30/2024	See central cyanosis (blue-ish circumoral area) on the newborn? Think of {{c1::congenital cyanotic heart disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Peripheral Cyanosis/Acrocyanosis - Dusky color would be at the hands and the feet of the newborn but the rest of the body and lips are pinkish due to …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis or Mongolian Spots}} - Blue/Gray macular lesions w/ well-defined margins on the lower back and buttocks that dis…
Published	07/30/2024	Jaundice in the newborn is always pathologic is it occurs within {{c1::24 hours of life and >2 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the newborn is plethoric, think of {{c1::polycythemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Surefire way to check for jaundice on the skin of a newborn of any complexion{{c1::Press on the skin and check for yellow discoloration}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see twins where one is plethoric and the other is pale, think of {{c1::twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mottling is normal in newborn px w/ {{c1::down syndrome::genetic disorder}} or experiencing {{c1::transient fluctuations in skin temperature}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Harlequin Color Change}} - Rare, benign, and transient color change in a newborn where left or right side of the body is erythematous and the ot…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Milia}} - Benign superficial epidermal inclusion cysts that contain laminated keratinized materials that appear on the {{c2::forehead, nose, or …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Miliaria Crystallina}} - Benign blister-like lesions that appear on the {{c2::forehead}} due to {{c3::obstructed sweat glands}} and disappears o…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Erythema Toxicum}} - Common benign papule w/ overlying erythematous base containing {{c2::eosinophils::cell}} that appears {{c3::a few hours to …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Neonatal Postular Melanosis}} - Pustules containing neutrophils common in {{c2::black}} newborns that persist for 2-3 days after birth but need …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Macular}} Hemiangioma - Strawberry type of hemiangioma that usually enlarges over time{{c1::Cavernous}} Hemiangioma - Deep, blue masses that may…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nevus Flammeus or Capillary Hemiangioma}} - Transient flat erythematous patches seen on the {{c2::glabella or nape::2}} due to {{c3::vascular ec…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Port-wine Stain}} - Permanent deep-stained patches on the cheek and covers the distribution of the CN {{c2::V1}}. Think of {{c3::Sturge-Weber Sy…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Angel Kisses}} - A form of Nevus flammeus that usually presents on the {{c1::eyelid or glabella::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	How can you differentiate Caput Succedaneum and Cephalhematoma?{{c1::Caput Succedaneum crosses bones and manifests in the center of the headCephalhema…
Published	07/30/2024	If you see a cephalhematoma, check for fractures or {{c1::jaundice}}
Published	07/30/2024	Head of the newborn accounts for {{c1::¼::fraction}} of the body length
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Molding}} - When the skull bones override each other due to prolonged labor
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Overriding Sutures}} - Prominent shadow-like appearance on the coronal suture and sagittal suture. Parietal bone is overlying the frontal bone. …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Cephalhematoma}} - Subperiosteal hemorrhage, limited to the surface of the cranial bone that develops after birth and resorbed within {{c1::2 mo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Caput Succedaneum}} - Diffuse swelling of the soft tissues of the middle of the skull due to edema w/ overlying ecchymosis
Published	07/30/2024	The anterior fontanelle should be shaped like a {{c1::diamond}}The posterior fontanelle should be shaped like a {{c1::triangle}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the {{c1::posterior}} fontanelle is enlarged, think of {{c2::congenital hypothyroidism}}
Published	07/30/2024	The posterior fontanelle disappears at {{c1::2 months/6-8 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Anterior fontanelle disappears at {{c1::9-18 months}}
Published	07/30/2024	Macrocephaly - Size of the head is above the {{c2::90}}th percentile. Think of {{c1::hydrocephalus and achondroplasia::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Microcephaly - Size of the head is below the {{c2::10}}th percentile. Think of {{c1::Trisomies, Craniosynostosis, TORCH, Zika::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Things on a newborn's face to look out for when performing PE:{{c1::Epicanthal foldsWidely spaced eyesLong philturmLow set earsFacial assymetry::5}}
Published	07/30/2024	Red-orange reflex - {{c1::Absence::presence/absence}} of ROR in the newborn indicates the presence of {{c2::congenital cataracts}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Facial Dysmorphism}} - One cheek of the newborn is chubbier
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Orbital hypertelorism}} - increased distance between the eyes
Published	07/30/2024	Cornelia De Lange Syndrome Clinical Findings:{{c1::Thick continuous eyebrows (synophrys)Low set earsSmall noseSmall statureLong philtrumThin upper lip…
Published	07/30/2024	Assymetrical face could be due to CN VII palsy from traumatic birth. {{c1::Depressor}} muscle at the angle of the mouth should be hypoplastic
Published	07/30/2024	If you see the White Retinal Reflex in a newborn, think of...Congenital cataracts{{c1::Retinal DetachmentRetinitisRetinoblastoma::3 R}}
Published	07/30/2024	Subconjunctival Hemorrhages in newborns are normal and will disappear {{c1::in 2-3 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see preauricular tags on a newborn, think of {{c1::kidney or hearing::2}} problems
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anyloglossia}} - A tongue which has a short frenulum (tongue-tie/ankyloglossia) may cause the infant to have difficulty latching and sucking of …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Common1. Epstein Pearls2. Bohn's Nodules{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Epstein Pearls}} - Palatal mucosal cysts that eventually disappear
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bohn's Nodules}} - Gingival mucosal cysts that eventually disappear
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Congenital Torticollis}} - Friction on the movement due to wry neck. Restricted movement or holding the head at an angle. The head is turned tow…
Published	07/30/2024	If a newborn does not move an arm, think of {{c1::clavicular fracture}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 Aspects of a Newborn's Breathing to check:{{c1::WOBAudible breath sounds}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see {{c1::chest retractions or see-saw respirations::2}}, think of respiratory distress
Published	07/30/2024	In a new born, splitting of S{{c1::2}} can be heard and is normal
Published	07/30/2024	Describe the normal heart rhythm of infants:{{c1::Normal sinus dysrhythmia}}
Published	07/30/2024	The heart sounds of a newborn should be clearly heard at the point of maximal intensity (PMI), located at the {{c1::3rd to the 4th left intercostal sp…
Published	07/30/2024	Describe the normal abdomen of a newborn:{{c1::rounded/globular and soft}}
Published	07/30/2024	Transient Soft, {{c2::sy}}stolic murmurs are not uncommon in newborns in the first {{c1::24-48 hours}} after birth due to the {{c1::closing ductus art…
Published	07/30/2024	In the newborn, the liver edge can be palpable {{c1::1-3}} cm below the right subcostal marginSpleen is usually not palpable but may be felt {{c1::1-2…
Published	07/30/2024	If there is an abdominal mass palpated in a newborn, check first is it is the {{c1::kidneys}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the newborn has a scaphoid abdomen, think of {{c1::congenital diaphragmatic hernia}}
Published	07/30/2024	An umbilical hernia seen a few days/weeks after birth is {{c1::physi::physi/path}}ologic
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Phimosis}} - presence of foreskin of a newborn infant normally is non retractable/tight
Published	07/30/2024	If you see a hydrocele in a newborn, try to rule out {{c1::inguinal hernia}}
Published	07/30/2024	The clitoris of a newborn is usually {{c1::edematous::state}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the newborn female, the genitalia will be prominent due to the effects of {{c1::maternal estrogen}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal posture of a newborn is the {{c1::flexed}} position of both arms and legs. If extended, think of {{c2::paralysis}}
Published	07/30/2024	In assessing range of motion, note the {{c1::symmetric}} movements, if they can lifts their legs and arms up
Published	07/30/2024	Congenital Hip Dislocation or Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips (DDH) Diagnosis:{{c1::Barlow's ManeuversOrtolani Maneuvers::in order}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Barlow’s test}} - A test to try to dislocate a dislocatable hip
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ortolani’s test}} - A test to reduce a hip that is already dislocated
Published	07/30/2024	Check the {{c2::femoral}} pulses of a newborn to rule out {{c1::coarctation of the aorta}}
Published	07/30/2024	Occult Spina Bifida Dermal Clinical Findings:{{c1::LipomaPortwine stainsTufts of hair on the back::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	The dimples associated w/ occult spinal dysraphism are >{{c1::5}} mm in diameter and >{{c1::2.5}} cm above the anal verge. They can be mistaken …
Published	07/30/2024	When checking the anus in a newborn, check for{{c1::Imperforate anusFistula::2 findings}}
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