Notes in G13 Circulatory System

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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Large elastic arteries}} keep blood pumping continuously while the heart is pumping intermittently
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Valves}} are frequently seen in the lumen of Medium veins
Published	11/02/2024	what separates the tunica intima from the tunica media
Published	11/02/2024	what allow for the diffusion of nutrients from the tunica intima into the tunica media
Published	11/02/2024	structure and content of the tunica media of arteries
Published	11/02/2024	The elastin content of arteries serves to absorb the shock of an incoming blood bolus in order to {{c1::maintain blood pressure}} and {{c1::propagate …
Published	11/02/2024	boundaries of the tunica media
Published	11/02/2024	The ECM of the tunica media of blood vessels is produced by {{c1::smooth muscle cells}}. The tunica adventitia ECM is produced by {{c1::fibroblasts}}.
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica adventitia generally, in arteries and in veins
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Vasa vasora}} are the small blood vessels that line large arteries and veins. Located in the tunica {{c1::adventitia}}, they function to {{c1::p…
Published	11/02/2024	While present in most large vessels, vasa vasora are particularly abundant in {{c1::large venous}} vessels
Published	11/02/2024	typical innervations of blood vessel smooth muscles
Published	11/02/2024	where do nerves synapse in vessels
Published	11/02/2024	purpose of endothelium (6)
Published	11/02/2024	Weibel palade bodies are granules found in {{c1::endothelial}} cells that contain {{c1::P-selectin and vonWillenbrand factor (vWF)}}.
Published	11/02/2024	how does endothelium modulate metabolism
Published	11/02/2024	how does endothelium modulate immune response
Published	11/02/2024	how does endothelium repair blood vessels
Published	11/02/2024	how does endothelium modulate blood flow
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica intima of a large artery
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica media of large arteries{{c1::50-70 fenestrated}} sheets of elastic lamina, evenly spacedsheet {{c1::thickness}} and {{c1::number}}…
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica adventitia of large arteries
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica intima of medium/distributing arteries{{c1::subendothelial layer is thinner with few elastic fibers}} relative to large arteriesoc…
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica media of distributing arteries
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica adventitia of medium arteries
Published	11/02/2024	another term for arterioles
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica intima of arterioles
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica media and adventitia of arterioles
Published	11/02/2024	Arterioles form a direct anastamotic channel to their corresponding venules through a branch known as a {{c1::metarteriole}}. Capillaries branch direc…
Published	11/02/2024	Metarterioles branch into capillaries with a proximal, attenuated layer of smooth muscle called the {{c1::precapillary sphincter}} that facilitates bl…
Published	11/02/2024	average size of a capillary
Published	11/02/2024	how are endothelial cells of capillaries oriented
Published	11/02/2024	primary content of endothelial cells
Published	11/02/2024	what junctions join endothelial cells of capillaries
Published	11/02/2024	Immediately surrounding most capillaries are mesenchymal cells called {{c1::pericytes}} that play a contractile role to modulate blood flow.
Published	11/02/2024	describe somatic (type I) capillaries and where they are found (4)
Published	11/02/2024	Fenestrated capillaries with diaphragms (ie type {{c1::II}}/{{c1::visceral}} capillaries) can be found lining {{c1::endocrine}} glands, the {{c1:…
Published	11/02/2024	Type {{c1::II}} capillaries are characterized by fenestrations in the plasmalemma and a {{c1::continuous}} basal lamina
Published	11/02/2024	Sinusoids have greatly {{c1::dilated}} lumens with significant space between endothelial cells. Their basal lamina are {{c1::discontinuous}} and they …
Published	11/02/2024	two types of venules
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica intima of venules{{c1::thin}} endothelium with poorly joined cells that don't maintain a {{c1::round}} structureno {{c1::internal}…
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica media of venules
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica adventitia of venules
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica intima of medium veins{{c1::thin}}, {{c1::narrow}} subendothelial layer with {{c1::collagen}} and {{c1::elastin}}poorly developed …
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica media of medium veins{{c1::concentric smooth muscle}} that is thin{{c1::reticular}} and {{c1::elastic}} fibers
Published	11/02/2024	describe the tunica adventitia of medium veinssome {{c1::longitudinally}} oriented smooth musclewell developed with {{c1::collagen}}
Published	11/02/2024	describe venous valves
Published	11/02/2024	The large veins of the body are {{c1::the superior and inferior venae cavae and the renal veins}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Large veins (histology)Thickest layer: {{c1::tunica adventitia}}Tunica adventitia: {{c1::interspersed, longitudinally oriented smooth muscle}}Tunica m…
Published	11/02/2024	pathway of hypothalamic hypophyseal portal
Published	11/02/2024	Type {{c1::II}} capillaries can be found in the kidney, intestine, and endocrine glands
Published	11/02/2024	Layers of the heart are thought to be analogous to the layers of {{c1::blood vessels}}
Published	11/02/2024	basic structure of the endocardium
Published	11/02/2024	what is the subendothelial layer of the endocardium made of?
Published	11/02/2024	describe the subendocardial layerdeep to {{c1::subendothelial}} layerdense CT that binds the {{c1::endocardium}} to the {{c1::myocardium}}contains col…
Published	11/02/2024	Purkinje fibers are modified {{c1::cardiomyocytes}} found in the {{c1::endocardium}} of the {{c1::ventricles}}. Their cytoplasms are {{c1::large and "…
Published	11/02/2024	describe the myocardium
Published	11/02/2024	epicardium consists of a surface layer of {{c1::mesothelial}} cells overlying the {{c1::subepicardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	The mesothelial lining of the epicardium forms the {{c1::visceral layer of the serous pericardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	the fibrous skeleton of the heart is the attachment site of {{c1::cardiomyocytes}} and contains dense CT found around the {{c1::valves}} and in the {{…
Published	11/02/2024	heart valves are {{c1::thick fibrous CT}} covered by {{c1::endocardium}} that are attached to the {{c1::fibrous skeleton}} of the heart
Published	11/02/2024	lymphatic vessels lack separations into {{c1::intima, media, and adventitia}} and contain many internal {{c1::valves}}
Published	11/02/2024	lymphatic capillaries have thin continuous {{c1::endothelium}} and {{c1::discontinuous}} basal lamina. anchoring microfilaments run from the {{c1::cap…
Published	11/02/2024	Lymphatic capillaries are found in nearly all regions of the body with the exception of the:{{c1::CNS}}{{c1::Bone marrow}}{{c1::Spleen}}{{c1::Cartilag…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::medium artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::endocardium overlying purkinje fibers in the subendocardium and the subendothelium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::mesothelium lining of the epicardium (aka the visceral layer of serous pericardium)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::nervi vasorum of a distributing artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::medium vein near to a medium artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::medium artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::subepicardial fibroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::purkinje fibers of the endocardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::smooth muscle (longitudinally oriented) of a large vein in the tunica adventitia}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::type II/fenestrated capillary}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::arteriole}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::valve of a medium vein}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::endomysium of myocardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::elastic artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Purkinje fibers of the subendocardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::continuous capillary (type I)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::endocardium}}
Published	11/02/2024	cc58fb3b0b084b27ae04f1087742aed4-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::arteriole}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::SEM image of a capillary with a pericyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::reticulocyte within a type I (continuous) capillary}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Type II/visceral/fenestrated capillary with diaphragms}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::sinusoid}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::venule next to an arteriole}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::medium vein with part of a valve shown}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::large vein with smooth muscle in tunica adventitia}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::thoracic duct}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::lymphatic valve}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::atherosclerotic distributing artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::atherosclerosis of a muscular artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::fenestra of a type II capillary}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pinocytosis of an endothelial cell of a type 1/continuous capillary::black arrows}}
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Published	11/02/2024	A. {{c1::bone marrow slice}}B. {{c1::megakaryocyte}}C. {{c1::bone marrow sinusoid}}D. {{c1::megakaryocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::liver sinusoids}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::splenic sinusoids}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::white adipose::tissue}}A: {{c1::arteriole}}B: {{c1::venule}}C: {{c1::venule}}D: {{c1::arteriole}}
Published	11/02/2024	A. {{c1::medium vein}}B. {{c1::medium artery}}C. {{c1::tunica adventitia}}D. {{c1::tunic media}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::muscular artery::what type of vessel is this}}
Published	11/02/2024	Type {{c1::I}} capillary in a {{c1::peripheral nerve}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::vasa vasora of an elastic artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::elastic artery}}A. {{c1::endothelium of the tunica intima}}B. {{c1::smooth muscle cells of the tunica media}}
Published	11/02/2024	A. {{c1::arteriole}}B. {{c1::smooth muscle cell}}C. {{c1::venule}}D. {{c1::endothelial cell}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::large vein::structure}}A. {{c1::tunica media}}B. {{c1::tunica adventitia}}C. {{c1::smooth muscle cells }}
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Published	11/02/2024	1. A) {{c1::myocardium and endocardium}}B) {{c1::myocardium and endocardium}}2.A) {{c1::trichrome blue stain}}B) {{c1::H/E stain}}
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Published	11/02/2024	Purkinje fibers are particularly rich in {{c1::glyocgen}} inclusion bodies.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Type I and type II}} capillaries have complete basal laminas, {{c1::sinusoids and lymphatic}} capillaries have incomplete basal lamina
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::anastomoses}} are communications between multiple arterial branches that provide detours for blood flow in case of an obstruction
Published	11/02/2024	the three types of capillaries are:{{c1::type I/continuous or somatictype II/fenestrated or visceralsinusoid}}
Published	11/02/2024	in the hepatic portal system, the portal hepatic vein connects {{c1::intestinal capillaries}} to {{c1::sinusoids}} in the liver. blood then flows from…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::terminal (end) arteries}} do not anastomose with other arteries
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Arteriosclerosis}} is a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::veins that accompany deep arteries}} form a branching network surrounding the artery that helps to drive venous blood towards the heart ({{c1::a…
Published	11/02/2024	subepicardium is loose CT that contains {{c1::nerves}}, {{c1::ganglia}} and {{c1::adipose}}
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