Notes in 02 Fluid & Electrolytes - Unfinished

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	TBW Male: {{c1::60}}%TBW Female: {{c1::50}}%TBW Newborns: {{c1::80}}%
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] TBW1. Lean Px2. Obese Px{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] TBW1. Young Px2. Elderly Px{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Malnutrition2. TBW{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fluid Compartments Mnemonic:{{c1::60:40:20:15:560% of BW is TBW40% of BW is ICF20% of BW is ECF15% of BW is Interstitial fluid5% of BW is plasma}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Proteins1. Interstitial fluid2. Plasma{{c1::B. Actually protein content is jsut slightly higher which account forthe slightly higher protein cont…
Published	07/30/2024	Calculated serum osmolality = {{c1::2 Na + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal osmolality of ICF and ECF is {{c1::300 (290-310)}} mOsm
Published	07/30/2024	Normal water intake is {{c1::2000}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Daily Water Losses:{{c1::800-1200}} mL in urine{{c1::250}} mL in stool{{c1::600}} mL in insensible losses
Published	07/30/2024	Most insensible losses of water occur through the {{c1::skin (75%) and lungs (25%)::2 organs}}
Published	07/30/2024	To clear the products of metabolism, the kidneys must excrete a minimum of {{c1::500 to 800}} mL of urine per day, regardless of the amount of oral in…
Published	07/30/2024	The typical individual consumes {{c1::3-5}} g of dietary salt per day
Published	07/30/2024	3 Types of body fluid disorders:{{c1::VolumeConcentrationComposition}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acute::Acute/Chronic}} Volume Deficit Clinical Findings:CVD signsCNS signs
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chronic::Acute/Chronic}} Volume Deficit Clinical Findings:Decreased skin turgotSunken eyesCVD signsCNS signs
Published	07/30/2024	Serum Na in a px with ECF deficit: {{c1::Not useful as it could be high, normal, or low. Use urine osmolality or Na instead}}
Published	07/30/2024	Postoperative patients are particularly prone to transient {{c1::dilutional::depletional/dilutional}} hyponatremia
Published	07/30/2024	Representative drug classes known to cause dilutional hyponatremia:{{c1::AntipsychoticsTricyclic antidepressantsACEi::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Px on enteral feeds are particularly prone to {{c1::depletional::depletional/dilutional}} hyponatremia
Published	07/30/2024	For every {{c1::100}}-mg/dL increment in plasma glucose above normal, the plasma sodium should decrease by {{c1::1.6}} mEq/L
Published	07/30/2024	Pseudohyponatremia Etiology: {{c1::extreme lipid and protein elevation}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Depletional Hyponatremia}} Clinical Findings:Symptoms of hyponatremiaLow urine sodium levels (<20 mEq/L)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Salt-wasting kidney}} Clinical Findings:Symptoms of hyponatremiaHigh urine sodium levels (>20 mEq/L)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::SIADH}} Clinical Findings:Symptoms of hyponatremiaNormal volume status
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hyper}}volemic Hypernatremia Clinical Findings:Iatrogenic administration of sodium-containing fluids (excess sodium bicarbonate)Excess mineraloc…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Normo}}volemic Hypernatremia Clinical Findings:DIDiuretic useRenal DiseaseGI and skin lossesNormal Na concentration and osmolarity
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypo}}volemic Hypernatremia Clinical Findings:DIDiuretic useRenal DiseaseGI and skin lossestachycardia, orthostasis, and hypotensionUrine Na &lt…
Published	07/30/2024	Symptoms of hypernatremia show up when serum Na concentration exceeds {{c1::160}} mEq/L
Published	07/30/2024	The average dietary intake of potassium is approximately {{c1::50-100}} mEq/d
Published	07/30/2024	Normal range of K: {{c1::3.5-5}} mEq/L
Published	07/30/2024	Kinda intuitive. Read {{c1::instead}}
Published	07/30/2024	ECG changes that may be seen with hyperkalemia include {{c1::high peaked T waves (early), widened QRS complex, flattened P wave, prolonged PR interval…
Published	07/30/2024	Potassium decreases by {{c1::0.3}} mEq/L for every {{c1::0.1}} increase in pH above normal.
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that induce {{c1::Mg::ion}} depletion cause renal K wastage
Published	07/30/2024	ECG changes that may be seen with hyperkalemia include{{c1::U waves,T-wave flattening, ST-segment changes, and arrhythmias}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum calcium is distributed among three forms:protein found: {{c1::40}}%complexed to phosphate and other anions: {{c1::10}}%ionized: {{c1::50}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Adjust total serum calcium down by {{c1::0.8}} mg/dL for every {{c1::1}} g/dL decrease in albumin.
Published	07/30/2024	Daily calcium intake is {{c1::1-3}} g/d
Published	07/30/2024	Normal range of Ca: {{c1::8.5-10.5}} mEq/L
Status	Last Update	Fields