Notes in 11 Intravenous Anesthetics

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Published	12/13/2023	Propofol {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} free radicals in the body.
Published	12/13/2023	Propofol can turn the urine {{c2::green}} due to excretion of {{c1::phenol}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Propofol can turn the urine {{c2::cloudy}} due to excretion of {{c1::uric acid}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Egg lecithin is derived from the egg {{c1::yolk}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Propofol 10 mg IV can be used to reduce {{c1::itching/pruritis}} caused by spinal opioids and cholestasis.
Published	12/13/2023	Generic propofol should not be given to infants because it contains {{c1::benzyl alcohol}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Fospropofol is mixed in a {{c1::aqueous}} solution.
Published	12/13/2023	The initial bolus dose of fospropofol is {{c1::6.5}} mg/kg.
Published	12/13/2023	The repeat bolus dose of fospropofol is {{c1::1.6}} mg/kg boluses, and can be repeated every {{c2::4}} minutes
Published	12/13/2023	The onset of fospropofol is {{c1::5}} to {{c1::13}} minutes.
Published	12/13/2023	The duration of action of fospropofol is {{c1::15}} to {{c1::45}} minutes.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c3::Fospropofol}} is metabolized by {{c1::alkaline phosphatase}} into {{c2::propofol}}, {{c2::formaldehyde}}, and {{c2::phosphate}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Formaldehyde, a byproduct of fospropofol metabolism, is metabolized to {{c1::formate}} and excreted in the {{c2::urine}}.
Published	12/13/2023	ID: {{c1::Fospropofol}}
Published	12/13/2023	ID: {{c1::Propofol}}
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine has a pKa of {{c1::7.5}}
Published	12/13/2023	The maintenance dose of ketamine is {{c1::1}} to {{c1::3}} mg/min.
Published	12/13/2023	A low-dose infusion of ketamine at {{c1::1}} to {{c1::3}} mcg/kg/min produces an {{c2::opioid-sparing}} effect.
Published	12/13/2023	The intramuscular dose for ketamine is {{c1::4}} - {{c1::8}} mg/kg.
Published	12/13/2023	The oral (PO) dose for ketamine is {{c1::10}} mg/kg.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine has a duration of action of {{c1::10}} to {{c1::20}} minutes.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine should be used cautiously in patients with a history of {{c1::seizures}} because it can increase {{c2::EEG activity}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Risk factors for ketamine-induced emergence delirium include:age > {{c1::15}} years{{c2::female}} gendera history of {{c3::personality disorde…
Published	12/13/2023	Chronic ketamine use can cause {{c1::ulcerative cystitis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine is better at relieving {{c1::somatic::somatic/visceral}} pain than {{c1::visceral::somatic/visceral}} pain.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine can be used with {{c2::remifentanil}} infusions to prevent {{c1::opioid-induced hyperalgesia}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine blocks {{c1::central sensitization}} and {{c2::wind-up}} in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Published	12/13/2023	Ketamine is particularly useful in {{c1::burn}} patients because of the frequent dressing changes.
Published	12/13/2023	Diazepam is {{c1::98}}% protein-bound.
Published	12/13/2023	Midazolam is {{c1::94}}% protein-bound.
Published	12/13/2023	Lorazepam is {{c1::90}}% protein-bound.
Published	12/13/2023	At a {{c2::acidic}} pH, the imidazole ring of etomidate {{c1::opens::opens/closes}}, which {{c3::increases::increases/decreases}} the water solubility…
Published	12/13/2023	The addition of a {{c1::phenyl}} group to barbituric acid at C-5 increases the {{c2::anticonvulsant}} effect.
Published	12/13/2023	Thiopental is a {{c2::water}}-soluble, alkaline drug with a pH of {{c1::9}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Thiopental has an onset of {{c1::30}} to {{c1::60}} seconds.
Published	12/13/2023	Thiopental has a duration of {{c1::5}} to {{c1::10}} minutes.
Published	12/13/2023	Repeated doses of thiopental can {{c1::prolong}} the wake-up time and cause a {{c2::hangover}} effect.
Published	12/13/2023	At {{c2::high}} doses, thiopental is metabolized into {{c1::pentobarbital}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Thiopental can cause a non-immunogenic {{c1::histamine}} release, which contributes to hypotension and {{c2::bronchoconstriction}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Thiopental provides neuroprotection only in the setting of {{c1::focal}} ischemia.
Published	12/13/2023	Tissue necrosis from intra-arterial injection of barbiturates can be treated with the drugs {{c1::phentolamine}} or {{c2::phenoxybenzamine}}.&nbs…
Published	12/13/2023	Tissue necrosis from intra-arterial injection of barbiturates can be treated with a sympathectomy via a {{c1::stellate ganglion}} block or a {{c2…
Published	12/13/2023	The only barbiturate not metabolized by hepatic P450 enzymes is {{c1::phenobarbital}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The structure of dexmedetomidine is a {{c1::imidazole ring}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Dexmedetomidine has a pKa of {{c1::7.1}}
Published	12/13/2023	Dexmedetomidine {{c1::decreases}} the cerebral blood flow and {{c2::does not change}} the CMRO2.
Published	12/13/2023	What medications can be used to reduce the incidence of emergence delirium in children?{{c1::Dexmedetomidine}} and {{c2::Benzodiazepines}}
Published	12/13/2023	Dexmedetomidine {{c1::can::can/cannot}} be used when evoked potentials are being monitored.
Published	12/13/2023	ID: {{c1::Midazolam}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which benzodiazepines contain propylene glycol to increase water solubility?{{c1::Lorazepam}} and {{c2::diazepam}}
Published	12/13/2023	Midazolam is not preserved with propylene glycol because the {{c1::imidazole ring}} closes at physiologic pH, which increases its {{c2::lipid}} solubi…
Published	12/13/2023	What pharmacokinetic mechanism is responsible for awakening after a propofol bolus?{{c1::Redistribution}}
Published	12/13/2023	Fospropofol is associated with {{c1::genital}} and {{c1::anal}} burning.
Published	12/13/2023	ID: {{c1::Dexmedetomidine}}
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