Notes in G03 - Epithelium

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Published	08/20/2024	Is epithelia vascularized?{{c1::No, epithelial tissue lacks a direct blood and lymphatic supply}}
Published	08/20/2024	Epithelial cells have both structural and functional {{c1::polarity}}
Published	08/20/2024	What are the 3 domains of an epithelial cell?{{c1::Apical, basal, lateral}}
Published	08/20/2024	Each microvillus contains a core of {{c1::cross-linked actin filaments}}, which extend from the tip of the microvillus into the apical cytoplasm
Published	08/20/2024	In the apical cytoplasm, microvilli actin filaments are anchored in the {{c1::terminal web}}
Published	08/20/2024	What forms a striated or brush border?{{c1::The close-packing of microvilli on the apical border}}
Published	08/20/2024	In the terminal web, {{c1::myosin}} and {{c1::tropomyosin}} are contractile proteins that can affect the size of the apical cell surface
Published	08/20/2024	Single microvilli are visible with {{c1::electron}} microscopy but not {{c1::light}} microscopy
Published	08/20/2024	An {{c1::axoneme}} is a 9+2 pattern of microtubules and can be found in the core of {{c1::cilia and flagella}}
Published	08/20/2024	Primary cilium are {{c1::immotile::motile/immotile}} and function primarily in {{c1::mechanoreception}}
Published	08/20/2024	Primary cilium are {{c1::immotile}} and display a {{c1::9+0}} microtubule pattern
Published	08/20/2024	Damage to {{c1::primary cilia}} is linked to many diseases, including cancer, obesity, and polycystic kidney disease
Published	08/20/2024	Terminal bars are histological manifestations of {{c1::junctional complexes that attach adjacent epithelial cells on their lateral surfaces}}.
Published	08/20/2024	Zonula occludens are the most {{c1::apical}} of the lateral junctions
Published	08/20/2024	Epithelial cells are anchored to the underlying connective tissue by a sheet of extracellular material called {{c1::basal lamina}}
Published	08/20/2024	Basal lamina is visible {{c1::only in electron microscopy}} where it appears as a dense line
Published	08/20/2024	The basal lamina and its immediately underlying CT layer ({{c1::reticular lamina}}) form the {{c1::basement membrane}}, which is visible under the {{c…
Published	08/20/2024	Hemidesmosomes anchor the cell base to the basal lamina by connecting to {{c1::keratin filaments}} inside the cell
Published	08/20/2024	When simple squamous epithelium lines body cavities, it is called {{c1::mesothelium}}. When it lines blood vessels, it is called {{c1::endothelium}}.
Published	08/20/2024	Simple cuboidal epithelium is typically found lining {{c1::small ducts}} and {{c1::secretory units of glands}}
Published	08/20/2024	Simple columnar epithelium typically has {{c1::basally}}-oriented nuclei
Published	08/20/2024	Simple columnar epithelium typically plays an {{c1::absorptive}} or a {{c1::secretory}} role
Published	08/20/2024	Why are the surface squamous cells of stratified squamous epithelium less active?{{c1::Limited diffusion of nutrients}}
Published	08/20/2024	What role do stratified squamous epithelia play?{{c1::either lining or protective/barrier roles}}
Published	08/20/2024	Stratified squamous epithilium may be {{c1::keratinized}} (as in skin) or {{c1::non-keratinized}} (as in esophagus or vagina)
Published	08/20/2024	Stratified cuboidal epithelium is typically found lining {{c1::large ducts of exocrine glands}}
Published	08/20/2024	Stratified columnar epithelium is epithelium with the most apical cells being {{c1::columnar}} in morphology. Stratified columnar epithelium is never …
Published	08/20/2024	Stratified columnar epithelium is typically localized to the {{c1::largest ducts of exocrine glands}} and the {{c1::membranous portion of the male ure…
Published	08/20/2024	Pseudostratified columnar epithelium describes epithelium in which {{c1::all cells contact the basal lamina, but are of different heights so the epith…
Published	08/20/2024	Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is typically found in the {{c1::respiratory or male reproductive}} system
Published	08/20/2024	Transitional epithelium is found lining distensable organs (ex. {{c1::bladder}}), and is associated with the {{c1::urinary system}}
Published	08/20/2024	What are the two states of transitional epithelium?{{c1::Relaxed and distended}}
Published	08/20/2024	Do endocrine glands have ducts?{{c1::No, they secrete directly into the bloodstream}}
Published	08/20/2024	Where do endocrine gland cells secrete their products?{{c1::directly into blood or lymphatic capillaries of the underlying interstitium}}
Published	08/20/2024	Where do exocrine glands secrete their products? Via what route?{{c1::onto body surfaces, usually via a duct system}}
Published	08/20/2024	A sheet of cells secreting their products into a common lumen or duct system is an {{c1::exocrine gland}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Merocrine}} secretion is a mechanism of secretion by which secretory product is released by exocytosis
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Apocrine}} secretion is a mechanism of secretion in which secretory products are released from the apical domain of the cell along with a portio…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Holocrine}} secretion is a method of secretion in which the whole cell is the secretory product
Published	08/20/2024	A serous demilune is found in {{c1::mixed}} secretory units. It is formed from a {{c1::cap of serous cells atop a mucous acinus}}
Published	08/20/2024	Most cancers and tumors are {{c1::epithelial}} in origin
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Metaplasia}} is the transformation of one type of epithelium to another
Published	08/20/2024	A {{c1::carcinoma}} is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin
Published	08/20/2024	An {{c1::adenocarcinoma}} is a malignant tumor derived from glandular epithelium
Published	08/20/2024	A papilloma is a {{c1::benign::benign/malignant}} tumor resulting from overgrowth of epithelial tissue on papillae of vascularized connective tissue
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stereocilia of the epididymis}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Cilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	af54b87e1d304df0b952068f8a2c9706-ao-1
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stereocilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stereocilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stereocilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Cilia}}
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Published	08/20/2024	What forms the interface between the epithelium and its underlying CT?{{c1::the basal lamina}}
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Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Simple cuboidal::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Simple cuboidal (high cuboidal)::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Simple columnar::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Simple columnar epithelium with cilia::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Non-keratinized stratified squamous::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stratified cuboidal::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stratified cuboidal::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stratified columnar::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Stratified columnar::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::stratified columnar::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Pseudostratified columnar with interspersed goblet cells and cilia::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::transitional epithelium::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::transitional epithelium::epithelium type?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::transitional epithelium::epithelium type?}}
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Published	08/20/2024	All human tissue can divided into one of four types:{{c1::epithelialnervousmuscleconnective}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c2::Excretion}} is the process of moving an intracellular product across the plasmalemma {{c1::onto an external surface}}. {{c2::Secretion}} is the …
Published	08/20/2024	The side of the cells that faces the free space is the {{c1::apical}} domain
Published	08/20/2024	The side of the epithelium facing the basement membrane/connective tissue is the {{c1::basal}} domain
Published	08/20/2024	The basement membrane is composed of the {{c1::basal lamina}} and the {{c1::lamina reticularis}}
Published	08/20/2024	A thin basement membrane can be visualized better with {{c1::PAS}} staining.
Published	08/20/2024	The basal lamina is secreted by {{c1::basal epithelial cells}} during basement membrane formation
Published	08/20/2024	The primary component of the lamina reticularis is {{c1::collagen III}} which is synthesized by {{c1::reticular cells (fibroblast derivatives)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::basal lamina::pink arrows}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::lamina reticularis::blue arrow}}
Published	08/20/2024	The basal lamina is composed primarily of {{c1::collagen IV and laminin}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::tight junction}}
Published	08/20/2024	The zonulae adherens associates with actin in order to {{c1::allow cells to alter their polarity/apical conformation}}
Published	08/20/2024	Desmosomes serve primarily to {{c1::impart tensile integrity to epithelium}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::actin microfilaments at the core of a microvillus in cross section}}
Published	08/20/2024	Microvilli are {{c1::immotile::motile/immotile}} and serve to {{c1::increase the total surface area of the apical domain and aid in absorption}}
Published	08/20/2024	The terminal web is a collection of {{c1::actin}} that runs parallel to {{c1::the apical domain of epithelial cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::cilia in cross-section}}
Published	08/20/2024	The bending of cilia is mediated by {{c1::dynein ATPases walking along microtubules}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::stereocilia of the epididymis}}
Published	08/20/2024	Stereocilia function primarily in {{c1::mechanoreception (ear)}} and in {{c1::increasing apical surface area (epididymis)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::stratified squamous epithelium-keratinized::epithelium type}}
Published	08/20/2024	Goblet cells are {{c1::mucous}}-secreting, {{c1::uni}}cellular, {{c1::exo}}crine glands
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium (ciliated) with goblet cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::umbrella cell/dome cell of transitional epithelium}}
Published	08/20/2024	Distinguish between holocrine, apocrine, and merocrine secretion{{c1::}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mucous cells primarily secrete the protein {{c1:: mucin}}, a highly {{c1::glycosylated}} protein which becomes viscous when it interacts with {{c1::wa…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Kartagener’s syndrome}} is characterized by frequent respiratory infections due to a dynein arm disorder
Published	08/20/2024	Tissue with {{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelia and interspersed goblet cells}} almost always have {{c2::cilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	Another term for dome cells is {{c1::umbrella cells}}.
Published	08/20/2024	What feature can aid in distinguishing non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from distended transitional epithelium?{{c1::the apical nuclei}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::holocrene (sebaceous glands)::secretory mechanism?}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::apocrine::secretory mechanism?}}Bonus: what substance is within the droplets indicated by the arrows?
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::merocrine::secretory mechanism?}}
Published	08/20/2024	In addition to rooting microvilli to the apical domain, the terminal web also serves to {{c1::impart apical polarity to the cell}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::microvilli}}
Published	08/20/2024	Top red arrow: {{c1::microvilli::top red arrow}}Black arrows: {{c1::actin filaments:: black arrows}}Bottom red arrow: {{c1::terminal web::bottom red a…
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::immotile microvilli}}2. {{c1::actin microfilament mesh}}3. {{c1::zonulae occludens/tight junction}}4. {{c1::sER}}
Published	08/20/2024	A: {{c1::golgi aparratus}}B and C: {{c1::brush border of microvilli}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::steroeocilia}}2. {{c1::terminal bars}}B: {{c1::actin microfilaments on EM within stereocilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::cilia}}2. {{c1::cilia function to move material along the lumen of the epithelium (ex respiratory mucus/fallopian tube ovum)}}3. {{c1::A is a…
Published	08/20/2024	A: {{c1::microtubules}}B: {{c1::axoneme}}C: {{c1::cilia}}
Published	08/20/2024	A: {{c1::cilia}}B: {{c1::microvillus}}C: {{c1::zonulae adherens (composed of cadherin transmembrane proteins)}}D: {{c1::basal body centrioles forming …
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::elongated, densely-packed mitochondria}}2. {{c1::basal infoldings}}3. {{c1::basal domain}}
Published	08/20/2024	Basal infoldings are invaginations of the plasmalemma at the {{c1::basal}} domain of an epithelial cell. Located between these infoldings are several …
Published	08/20/2024	Basal infoldings serve to {{c1::increase the surface area of the basal domain, particularly in cells actively involved in ion transport}}
Published	08/20/2024	A) {{c1::basement membrane - composed of the lamina reticularis and the basal lamina}}B) {{c1::basal lamina: secreted by epithelial cells, composed of…
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::terminal bars}}2. {{c1::cell junctions (zonulae occluden, zonulae and macular adherens), the rER facilitates synthesis of these transmembrane…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::golgi apparatus}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::microvillus}}2. {{c1::zonula occludens/tight junction}}3. {{c1::zonula adherens/intermmediate junction}}4. {{c1::desmosome/macula adherens}}5…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::simple cuboidal epithelium::top}}{{c1::endothelium::bottom}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::simple cuboidal epithelium::epithelium type}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::simple columnar epithelium::epithelium type}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::cilia}}2. {{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelium}}3. {{c1::basement membrane}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::transitional epithelium::epithelium type}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::keratinized stratified squamous epithelium::epithelium type}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::stratified cuboidal epithelium::tissue}}{{c1::basement membrane::structure}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::stratified columnar epithelium}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::mucous screting acinus of a mixed, mucous-serous gland (capped by a serous deminlune)}}2. {{c1::serous acinus}}3. {{c1::serous demilune}}&nbs…
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Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::mucous-containing goblet cells}}2. {{c1::mucin, a highly-glycosylated protein that forms a viscous fluid when exposed to water}}3. {{c1::simp…
Published	08/20/2024	Endothelium can be found lining {{c1::blood vessels}} and {{c1::lympatic vessels}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::golgi apparatus}}
Published	08/20/2024	Why are most tumors of epithelial origin?{{c1::there is a very high rate of cell turnover in epithelial tissues}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Adenomas}} are benign tumors of glandular epithelial origin
Published	08/20/2024	List one of more examples of each:Mucous-secreting glands: {{c1::sebaceous glands, goblet cells, sublingual glands}}Serous-secreting glands: {{c1::hyd…
Published	08/20/2024	Associated with the transmembrane proteins of the zonula occludens are intracellular plaques of {{c1::cingulin}} and {{c1::simplekin}}
Status	Last Update	Fields