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Published	02/19/2025	2. Which of the following muscarinic receptor subtypes is the most common in human detrusor smooth muscle? a. M1 b. M2 c. M3d. M4 e. M5
Published	02/20/2025	1. The effects of administration of an antimuscarinic agent to an individual with an overactive bladder (OAB) include all of the following EXCEPT: a. …
Published	02/20/2025	3. Which of the following muscarinic receptor subtypes is predominantly responsible for the mediation of bladder contraction in human detrusor smooth …
Published	02/20/2025	4. The use of antimuscarinic agents to treat OAB is limited by their lack of uroselectivity. Which of the following is NOT a recognized side effect of…
Published	02/20/2025	5. Which of the following characteristics increases the possibility for an antimuscarinic agent to pass the blood-brain barrier? a. High lipophilicity…
Published	02/20/2025	6. Anticholinergics exert their favorable effects on OAB by affecting: a. peripheral afferent (sensory) transmission. b. ganglionic transmission. c. c…
Published	02/20/2025	7. The Committee on Pharmacologic Treatment of the Fifth (2013) International Consultation on Incontinence assessed agents according to the Oxford Gui…
Published	02/20/2025	8. Which of the following is NOT a class effect of antimuscarinics? a. Accommodation paralysis b. Constipation c. Increased heart rate d. Prolongation…
Published	02/20/2025	9. Of the following choices, which are correct? The bladder contains how many β-receptor subtypes (answer 1) _______ with the (answer 2) _______ havin…
Published	02/20/2025	10. Which of the following pharmacologic actions is most likely responsible for the effects of oxybutynin when given systemically? a. Antimuscarinic, …
Published	02/20/2025	11. Which of the following muscarinic receptor subtypes are NOT known to be involved in the potential antimuscarinic side effects of dry mouth, const…
Published	02/20/2025	12. The primary adverse event reported with the use of oxybutynin transdermal has been: a. tachycardia. b. dry mouth. c. constipation. d. application …
Published	02/20/2025	13. Which of the following agents is relatively selective for M3 receptor blockade? a. Darifenacin b. Oxybutynin c. Solifenacin d. Tolterodine e. Tros…
Published	02/20/2025	14. Mirabegron probably exerts its favorable effect on OAB by: a. activating the β3 adrenergic receptor. b. competitive blockade of the β3 receptor. c…
Published	02/20/2025	15. Of the following agents, which is actively excreted by the kidney in the proximal convoluted tubules? a. Darifenacin b. Oxybutynin c. Solifenacin …
Published	02/20/2025	16. Which is (are) TRUE about tadalafil?a. It improves International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores. b. It improves International Prostate S…
Published	02/20/2025	17. Which of the following is NOT listed as a common side effect of imipramine? a. Systemic antimuscarinic effects b. Weakness, fatigue c. Priapism d.…
Published	02/20/2025	18. In men with BPO and OAB, adding an antimuscarinic to an α adrenergic blocking agent will: a. significantly increase residual urine volume. b. sign…
Published	02/20/2025	19. Intravesical botulinum toxin subtype A: a. activates synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP) 25 and the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor a…
Published	02/20/2025	20. Vaginal estrogen is effective in the treatment of: a. urogenital atrophy. b. stress urinary incontinence (SUI). c. urgency urinary incontinence. d…
Published	02/20/2025	21. The side effects of the alpha-adrenergic agonists include all of the following EXCEPT: a. tremor. b. palpitations. c. hypertension. d. somnolence.…
Published	02/20/2025	22. Which of the following has been reported to increase stroke risk in women younger than 50 years? a. Phenylpropanolamine b. Ephedrine c. Pseudoephe…
Published	02/20/2025	23. In theory, which of the following agents, from the standpoint of potential efficacy and safety, would be preferred for the treatment of SUI in a h…
Published	02/20/2025	24. Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to duloxetine hydrochloride? a. It significantly increases sphincteric muscle activity …
Published	02/20/2025	25. Oral estrogen with or without progesterones in postmenopausal women: a. improves mixed urinary incontinence. b. worsens the risk of incontinence. …
Published	02/20/2025	26. A 75-year-old man placed on desmopressin therapy 3 days previously presents with a change of mental status and mental confusion. The most likely c…
Published	02/20/2025	27. With regard to bethanechol chloride, the least objective evidence exists to support which of the following statements? a. It has relatively select…
Published	02/20/2025	28. What oral dose of bethanechol chloride is required to produce the same urodynamic effects, at least in a denervated bladder, at the subcutaneous d…
Published	02/20/2025	29. Prostaglandins have been hypothesized to affect bladder activity through all of the following actions EXCEPT: a. neuromodulation of efferent and a…
Published	02/20/2025	30. With respect to α- and β-adrenergic receptors in the lower urinary tract and prostate, all the following are true EXCEPT: a. α receptors outnumber…
Published	02/20/2025	31. Which of the following α-adrenergic blocking agents has significant antagonistic properties at both α1 and α2 receptor sites? a. Prazosin b. Teraz…
Published	02/20/2025	32. Available data suggest that which of the following side effects is more common with tamsulosin than with either terazosin or doxazosin? a. Dizzine…
Published	02/20/2025	33. Which of the following agents or classes of agents, when administered systemically, will selectively relax the striated musculature of the pelvic …
Published	02/20/2025	34. Which of the following is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system?a. γ-Aminobutyric acid (…
Published	02/20/2025	35. Baclofen (Lioresal) acts to decrease striated sphincter activity by which of the following mechanisms? a. Facilitating neuronal hyperpolarization …
Published	02/20/2025	36. All of the following statements are true with regard to botulinum toxin EXCEPT: a. It has been reported to be useful in the treatment of striated …
Published	02/20/2025	37. All of the following statements are true regarding the action of atropine and atropine-like agents (antimuscarinic agents) in patients with OAB an…
Published	02/20/2025	38. Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to atropine resistance? a. It is secondary to release of norepinephrine from pelvic nerve …
Published	02/20/2025	39. Which statement is FALSE regarding M3 receptors? a. They are less common than M2 receptors in detrusor smooth muscle. b. They are more common than…
Published	02/20/2025	40. All of the following are well-known potential adverse events of antimuscarinic therapy EXCEPT: a. constipation. b. cognitive dysfunction. c. incre…
Published	02/20/2025	41. Match the side effects with the predominate muscarinic receptor subtype.A. M1B. M2C. M3D. M4E. M5F. none41.1. constipation
Published	02/20/2025	41. Match the side effects with the predominate muscarinic receptor subtype.A. M1B. M2C. M3D. M4E. M5F. none41.2. dry mouth
Published	02/20/2025	41. Match the side effects with the predominate muscarinic receptor subtype.A. M1B. M2C. M3D. M4E. M5F. none41.3. cognitive dysfunction
Published	02/20/2025	41. Match the side effects with the predominate muscarinic receptor subtype.A. M1B. M2C. M3D. M4E. M5F. none41.4. increased heart rate
Published	02/20/2025	41. Match the side effects with the predominate muscarinic receptor subtype.A. M1B. M2C. M3D. M4E. M5F. none41.5. increased QT interval
Published	02/20/2025	42. When used in the usual dosages for the treatment of OAB in a patient who is not on clean intermittent catheterization, antimuscarinic agents act p…
Published	02/20/2025	43. An 80-year-old man has OAB-wet and cognitive dysfunction. Theoretically, the antimuscarinic drug that would be expected to be the safest with resp…
Published	02/20/2025	44. Activation of detrusor smooth muscle by both acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate requires: a. increase in intracellular potassium concentrati…
Published	02/20/2025	45. Which of the following have 1A or 1B ratings (modified Oxford system) for treatment of DO? a. Flavoxate b. Dicyclomine c. Estrogen d. Tamsulosin e…
Published	02/20/2025	46. Which of the following drugs can produce or aggravate SUI in a woman? a. Alfuzosin b. Nifedipine c. Tamsulosin d. Oxybutynin e. Propantheline f. F…
Published	02/20/2025	47. Intravesical DMSO is: a. generally used in a 70% solution. b. generally used in a 50% solution. c. useful for the treatment of neurogenic DO. d. u…
Published	02/20/2025	48. Regarding the vanilloids, which of the following is/are TRUE? a. They act primarily to render C fibers insensitive. b. They act primarily to rende…
Published	02/20/2025	49. A 30-year-old paraplegic man is wet between intermittent catheterizations (catheterizes five times per day). He is on solifenacin, 10 mg daily, an…
Published	02/20/2025	50. Generally, treatment with intradetrusor botulinum toxin: a. must be repeated every 3 to 12 months. b. improves quality of life in patients inconti…
Published	02/20/2025	51. The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), and Nurses’ Health Study compositely showed that: a. …
Published	02/20/2025	52. Adrenergically induced smooth muscle contraction in the human lower urinary tract is mediated primarily by which receptor? a. α1D b. β3 c. β2 d. α…
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Published	02/20/2025	GnRH antagonists causes a tumor flare when used for treatment of advanced prostate cancerTrueFalse
Published	02/20/2025	Testosterone is produced in the ovariesTrueFalse
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Published	02/20/2025	5 alpha-reductase inhibitor for tx of benign prostatic hyperplasiaA. KetoconazoleB. FinasterideC. Sildenafil
Published	02/20/2025	Testosterone is produced by:A. Adrenal glandsB. Leydig cellsC. OvariesD. All of the above
Published	02/20/2025	Testosterone is synthesized from:A. CholesterolB. Amino acidsC. Carbohydrates
Published	02/20/2025	Effect of testosterone. a. Vasoconstriction b. Diuretic c. Erythrocytosis
Published	02/20/2025	Toxicity of testosterone: A. Elevated liver enzymes B. Increase testicular size C. Deepened voice
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