Notes in Coagulation Cascades (11/6)

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Published	11/11/2023	Polymers of {{c1::phosphates}} are stored in vesicles in platelets
Published	11/11/2023	Factor {{c1::VII}} is dependent on {{c2::Vitamin K}} to trap {{c2::Ca²}}⁺ ions
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Ca²⁺}} binding results in a conformational change that exposes hydrophobic residues which anchor {{c2::Factor VII}} into the membrane and expose…
Published	11/11/2023	Fibrinogen ‒{{c1::(thrombin)}}→ fibrin monomers
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Extrinsic}} pathway{{c3::VII}} → {{c4::{{c3::VIIa}}}}{{c2::X}} ‒({{c4::{{c3::VIIa}}}} + {{c4::III}})→ {{c2::Xa}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Intrinsic}} pathway{{c3::{{c2::XII}}}} → {{c3::{{c3::XI}}}} → {{c3::{{c2::IX}}}} → {{c3::X}} → Xa
Published	11/11/2023	Amplification of the coagulation cascade
Published	11/11/2023	Von Willebrand disease (VWD) results in significantly shorter half-life of factor {{c2::{{c1::VIII}}}} and decreased {{c2::adhesio…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Plasmin}} is the primary enzyme of {{c2::fibrinolysis}}
Published	11/11/2023	Plasminogen requires {{c1::tPA}} & {{c1::uPA}} to cleave crosslinked fibrin polymers
Published	11/11/2023	The most diagnostic {{c2::fibrin}} degradation product is two crosslinked {{c1::D}} domains called {{c1::D-dimer}}
Published	11/11/2023	Conditions where Fibrin degradation product (D-dimer) testing is done
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)}} is produced by the placenta and only significant during pregnancy.
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::α2-antiplasmin}} deactivates plasmin
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor}} is produced by vascular cells that inhibits {{c2::tissue factor (III)}}, {{c2::Ca²⁺}} and factor {{c2::VII}} ‒…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Antithrombin III}} is produced by the liver and inhibits {{c2::IX}}, {{c2::X}}, {{c2::XI}}, {{c2::XII}}, and {{c2::III}}‒ in the {{c3::Intrinsic…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Heparin}} released by {{c3::{{c2::mast}}}} cells & {{c3::{{c2::basophils}}}} enhances the action of {{c3::antithrombin III}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Thrombomodulin}} complexes with thrombin to remove it from catalysis
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Heparin}} enhances that action of {{c2::antithrombin III}} and inhibits {{c2::thrombin}} via direct binding
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Thrombomodulin}} acts as a {{c3::cofactor}} for thrombin binding/cleaving of {{c1::protein C}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Protein C}} is a zymogen that complexes with {{c2::Protein S}} to inactivate factors {{c3::VII}} & {{c3::V}}
Published	11/11/2023	Blood coagulation is dependent on {{c2::Vitamin K}} due to the post-translational modification of protein factors II (thrombin), VII, IX, X, prot…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c3::Vitamin K}} is a coenzyme for {{c2::gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)}}
Published	11/11/2023	The inactivation of {{c3::γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)}} without {{c1::Vitamin K}}, would first affect clotting factor {{c2:…
Published	11/11/2023	Warfarin inhibits {{c2::{{c1::factor VII}}}} of the {{c2::extrinsic}} pathway and {{c2::{{c1::Protein C}}}} of the {{c2::intrinsic}} pathway first&nbs…
Published	11/11/2023	Between 12-24 hours, patients beginning {{c1::Warfarin (Coumadin*)}} are at risk to begin clotting (intrinsic pathway) but not be able to st…
Published	11/11/2023	Infants that take antibiotics after birth have delayed gut bacteria production and ⇩ {{c1::vitamin K}}
Published	11/11/2023	The {{c1::Prothrombin Time (PT)}} test focuses on the extrinsic factors {{c2::VII}} along with common components factors {{c2::V}} and {{c2::X}}, prot…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Prothrombin Time (PT)}} tests are measured as {{c1::INR}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)}} focuses on the {{c2::intrinisic}} factors XII, XI, VIII, IX, vWF along with common components factors V…
Published	11/11/2023	A deficiency in {{c2::Kallikrein}} or {{c2::HMWK}} can be asymptomatic, prolonging clotting time in a {{c1::Partial Thro…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Hemophilia A}} ‒ defect in factor {{c1::VIII (vWF)}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Hemophilia B}} ‒ defect in factor {{c1::IX}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Hemophilia C}} ‒ defect in factor {{c1::XI}}
Published	11/11/2023	Hemophilia {{c1::C}} is {{c2::autosomal recessive}}
Published	11/11/2023	Hemophilia {{c2::A}} & {{c2::B}} are both {{c1::X-linked}} diseases
Published	11/11/2023	Factor Common Name I → Ia {{c1::Fibrinogen}} → {{c1::Fibrin}}II → IIa{{c2::Prothrombin}} → {{c2::Thrombin}}…
Published	11/11/2023	Vitamin K 10, 9, 7 2{{c1::,}} protein C
Published	11/11/2023	Warfarin affects the {{c2::{{c1::Extrinsic}}}} pathway, monitored via {{c2::PT}} testing Heparin affects the {{c2::{{c1::Intrinsic}}}}&…
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