Notes in Peritoneum

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Published	01/20/2024	Peritoneum thin serous membrane (epithelial-like single layer of cells - the {{c1::mesothelium}} together with a supportive layer of connective t…
Published	01/20/2024	What carries the nerves to viscera peritoneum?{{c1::Mesenteries }}
Published	01/20/2024	Parietal – Pain sensitive, somatic nerves. Example pain of appendicitis, when parietal peritoneum gets inflamed pain localizes to {{c1::right iliac fo…
Published	01/20/2024	Visceral – Not pain sensitive, sensitive to {{c1::stretch}}, supplied by autonomic nervous system. Can produce {{c1::referred pain}}.
Published	01/20/2024	Examples of visceral nerve supply: Pain of appendicitis, when visceral peritoneum of appendix is inflamed, pain is referred to {{c1::umbilicus}} becau…
Published	01/20/2024	Parietal peritoneum continues as visceral peritoneum – known as {{c1::peritoneal reflection}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Peritoneal}} ligaments are folds of peritoneum that connect viscera to viscera or abdominal wall, example hepatogastric ligament
Published	01/20/2024	Functions:• Peritoneum minimizes {{c1::friction}} of organs• Localizes {{c1::infections or inflammation}}• Stores fat
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Peritoneal Cavity}}: It is a potential space between parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum.
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Intraperitoneal}}: organs having a mesentery.{{c1::Retroperitoneal}}: organs without a mesentery and associated with posterior abdominal body wa…
Published	01/20/2024	What is the most dependent part of peritoneal cavity when patient is supine? {{c1::Right subhepatic space}}
Published	01/20/2024	Right subhepatic space (hepatorenal pouch of Morrison) lies betweeninferior surface of {{c1::right lobe of liver}} and {{c1::upper pole of right …
Published	01/20/2024	Peritoneal cavity can be divided into two main compartments,Supracolic, and infracolic, which are separated by {{c1::transverse colon}} and {{c1::tran…
Published	01/20/2024	Supracolic compartment lies between the diaphragm and transversemesocolon. divided into {{c1::right subphrenic space}} (1), {{c1::right subhepatic spa…
Published	01/20/2024	Posterior wall gastric ulcer, if perforated – gas can go from lesser sac to {{c1::right subhepatic}} space through omental foramen and then to {{…
Published	01/20/2024	Infracolic compartment lies below {{c1::transverse mesocolon}} and {{c1::transverse colon}}. It is divided into two unequal spaces by root of mesenter…
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Rectouterine}} pouch in females is the most dependent part of peritoneal cavity when patient is standing erect.
Published	01/20/2024	Peritoneal cavity contains:• Peritoneal fluid ({{c1::5}}ml in males and up to {{c1::25}}ml in females)
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Ascites}} is excess fluid in peritoneal cavity. Common causes of ascites are {{c2::cirrhosis of the liver, peritoneal malignancy, right-sided he…
Published	01/20/2024	A needle is inserted into peritoneal cavity to collect a sample for analysis or to drain fluid known as {{c1::paracentesis}}
Published	01/20/2024	Peritoneal cavity in males is a closed cavity with it’s lowest portion known as the {{c1::rectovesical}} pouch
Published	01/20/2024	n females' uterine tubes open into peritoneal cavity with it’s lowestportion known as the {{c1::rectouerine pouch}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome}} – In females, organisms go to peritoneal cavity through uterine tubes and can cause perihepatic inflammation
Published	01/20/2024	Only structure that passes through peritoneum (for a very short period of time) in females is the {{c1::secondary oocyte}}
Published	01/20/2024	Peritoneal fluid contains – Water, proteins, electrolytes, solutes and cells. No {{c1::gas or air}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Peritoneal insufflation}} – administration ofCO 2 in peritoneal cavity for laparoscopicsurgery.
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Pneumoperitoneum}} - abnormal presence of gas in peritoneal cavity. A perforated bowel (e.g., perforated duodenal ulcer) often leads to release …
Published	01/20/2024	Entrance of sterile materials in peritoneal cavity, such as bile, causes{{c1::aseptic peritonitis}} or bacterial contamination causes {{c1::septic per…
Published	01/20/2024	Septic peritonitis commonly is due to a perforated viscus, such as{{c1::appendix}} or a {{c1::peptic ulcer.}} Toxins can be absorbed rapidly from peri…
Published	01/20/2024	Large surface area can be used for1. {{c1::Peritoneal dialysis}}2. {{c1::Intraperitoneal cancer chemotherapy}}
Published	01/20/2024	The omenta consist of two layers of the peritoneum, which passfrom the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to otherviscera. There are two:• ▪ t…
Published	01/20/2024	The greater omentum is an apron-like, peritoneal fold that attachesto the {{c1::greater curvature of the stomach}} and the first part of the{{c1::duod…
Published	01/20/2024	With two arteries and accompanying veins, the {{c1::right and left gastro-omental vessels}} , between the greater omentum located inferior t…
Published	01/20/2024	Median umbilical fold is parietal peritoneum raised over median umbilical ligament, a remnant of {{c1::fetal urachus}} (embryological derivative invol…
Published	01/20/2024	Paired medial umbilical folds overlie obliterated distal portions of {{c1::umbilical arteries}}.
Published	01/20/2024	Paired lateral umbilical folds are raisedover {{c1::inferior epigastric arteries and veins}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Depressions, or peritoneal fossae}}, bounded by lateral umbilical folds  on each side of midline are potential sites for hernias
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Supravesical fossa}} lies between median and medial umbilical folds
Published	01/20/2024	Medial inguinal fossa between medial and lateral umbilical foldscorresponds to Hesselbach’s Triangle, where a {{c1::direct inguinalhernia}} …
Published	01/20/2024	The omental bursa is continuous with the greater sac through an opening known as the {{c1::omental (epiploic) foramen.}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Lesser sac}} is present between stomach and stomach bed (on posterior side of stomach).
Published	01/20/2024	Perforation of stomach (perforated peptic ulcer), on the posterior wall can produce {{c1::gas in lesser sac}}
Published	01/20/2024	Pancreatitis – can lead tocollection of fluid in lesser sacknown as {{c1::pancreaticpseudocyst}}
Published	01/20/2024	Access into lesser sac can be obtained by dividing upper partof {{c1::posterior}} sheet of {{c1::gastrocolic}} ligament
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Epiploic foramen}} (foramen of Winslow or aditus to lesser sac) is ashort, vertical slit, about 3 cm in height in adults.
Published	01/20/2024	Borders Epiploic foramen:• Superior- {{c1::Caudate process of liver}}• Inferior- {{c1::First part of the duodenum}}• Posterior- {{c1::Inferior vena ca…
Published	01/20/2024	Within this free border (of the epiploic foramen) lies the (Portal triad) {{c1::bile duct}}, {{c1::hepatic artery,}} and {{c1::portal vein, nerves, an…
Published	01/20/2024	Compression of the free edge of lesser omentum known as {{c1::‘Pringle’maneuver,}} can control bleeding from liver
Published	01/20/2024	Infiltration of greater omentum (Gastrocolic ligament) bycancer, often referred to as an ‘{{c1::omental cake’}}, showscapacity of greater omentum to t…
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Lienorenal}} ligament aka splenorenal ligament. Near thehilum of spleen , the splenorenal ligament carries thesplenic artery and vein.
Published	01/20/2024	Greater omentum – 4 Layers, dorsal mesogastrium,Parts – {{c1::Gastrosplenic}}, {{c1::Gastrocolic}}, {{c1::Gastrophrenic}}
Published	01/20/2024	Lesser omentum – 2 layers, Ventral mesogastriumParts – {{c1::Hepatogastric}} and {{c1::hepatoduodenal}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Gastrosplenic}} ligament – located with theligament are the short gastric arteries and veinswith accompanying lymphatic vessels
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Gastrocolic}} ligament - the right and left gastro-omental vessels, between this double-layeredperitoneal apron located inferior to the greaterc…
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Gastrophrenic}} ligament – a peritonealattachment between the stomach and thediaphragm
Published	01/20/2024	The hepatoduodenal ligament- Enclosed inthis free edge are the Portal triad- {{c1::hepaticartery proper, the bile duct, and the portalvein}}
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Hepatogastric}} ligament - the right and leftgastric vessels are between the layers of thelesser omentum near the lesser curvature ofthe stomach
Published	01/20/2024	Folds of peritoneum may exist around the fourth part of duodenum forming a number of recesses - {{c1::superior duodenal}} recess, {{c1::inferior duode…
Published	01/20/2024	What three things do mesentereis contain?{{c1::the mesenterythe transverse mesocolonthe sigmoid mesocolon}}
Published	01/20/2024	The mesentery components are derivatives of the {{c1::dorsal mesentery}}
Published	01/20/2024	Mesentery - A fan-shaped, double-layered fold of peritoneumattached between the{{c1::jejunum and ileum}} and theposterior abdominal wall.
Published	01/20/2024	Mesentery's superior attachment is at the {{c1::duodenojejunaljunction}}, just to the left of the upper lumbar part of the vertebral column
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Published	01/20/2024	Name the retroperitoneal organs:{{c1::KidneysAdrenal glandsUreters AortaIVCLower rectumAnal Canal}}
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