Notes in 02 WBC Disorders

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Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Total Leukocytes (x 10^9/L)Neonates: {{c1::10-25}}1 Year: {{c2::6-18}}4-7 Years: {{c2::6-15}}8-12 Years: {{c1::4.5-13.5}}Adults: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Preterm Neonates, Newborns1. Lymphocytes2. Neutrophils{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Leukocyte Proportional CountNeutrophils: {{c1::37-80%}}Lymphocytes: {{c1::10-50%}}Monocytes: {{c2::0-12%}}Eosinophils: {{c2::0-9.5%}}Ba…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Neutrophil Absolute CountAdults: {{c1::1.8-7 x 10^9/L}}Pediatrics: {{c1::1-8.5 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Lymphocyte Absolute CountAdults: {{c1::1.5-4 x 10^9/L}}Pediatrics: {{c1::1.5-8.8 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Monocyte Absolute Count{{c1::0.03-0.9 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Eosinophils Absolute Count{{c1::0.0-0.67 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Basophils Absolute Count{{c1::0.0-0.2 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Absolute WBC count = {{c1::Relative Count x Total WBC Count}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neutrophilia/Neutrophilic Leukocytosis Threshold:Neutrophil Absolute Count: >{{c1::7.5 x 10^9/L::Bonus: what should you see in PBS?}}
Published	07/30/2024	Read and {{c1::understand}}
Published	07/30/2024	"Shift to the left" in the context of neutrophilia means {{c1::↑ immature peripheral blood granulocytes usually seen in acute infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	Leukemoid Reaction Threshold:>{{c1::50 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Leukemoid Reaction}} - Reactive and excessive leukocytosis characterized by the ↑ release of immature cells (promyelocytes and myelocytes) …
Published	07/30/2024	Leukemoid reaction: {{c1::No}} blast cells in the blood and BMAcute Leukemia: {{c1::>20%}} blast cells in the blood and BMChronic Leukemia: {{c1::&…
Published	07/30/2024	↑ LAP, think of {{c1::Leukemoid Reaction, WBC maturation}}↓ LAP, think of {{c1::Neoplastic Process, No maturation of WBC}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neutropenia Threshold:Mild Neutropenia ANC: <{{c1::1500 cells/uL or <1.5 x 10^9/L}}Moderate Neutropenia ANC: <{{c1::1000 cells/uL or <1 x …
Published	07/30/2024	Read {{c1::this}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Severe}} neutropenia is considered agranulocytosis and is commonly observed in px taking {{c2::chemotherapy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Read this {{c1::shit}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Kostman’s syndrome}} - Groups of diseases that affect myelopoiesis, causing a congenital form of neutropenia
Published	07/30/2024	Lymphocytosis Threshold:Absolute Count: >{{c1::4 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lymphocytosis can be categorized as either {{c1::monoclonal or polyclonal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Monoclonal lymphocytosis, think of {{c1::neoplastic disorders}}Polyclonal lymphocytosis, think of {{c1::reactive stress (infections)READ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lymphocytopenia Threshold:Adults: <{{c1::1 x 10^9/L}}Children: <{{c1::2 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	When faced with neutropenia or lymphocytopenia, think of the following infections:HIV{{c1::Viral hepatitisInfluenzaTyphoid FeverTB::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome::disease}} is a form of congenital lymphocytopenia
Published	07/30/2024	Read this and {{c1::understand}}:
Published	07/30/2024	Monocytosis Threshold:Absolute Count: >{{c1::0.8 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Monocytosis Etiology:>50% due to {{c1::hematologic disorders}}10% due to {{c1::inflammatory and immune disorders}}8% due to malignancies
Published	07/30/2024	What chronic infections are most commonly associated with monocytosis?{{c1::TBSubacute bacterial endocarditisSyphilisProtozoan infectionRickettsial in…
Published	07/30/2024	Eosinophilia Threshold:Mild Eosinophilia AEC: {{c1::<1500 cells/uL}}Moderate Eosinophilia AEC: {{c1::>1500 cells/uL}}Severe Eosinophilia AEC: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Eosinophilia Etiology:{{c1::Allergic DiseasesParasitism::2 most common}}
Published	07/30/2024	Basophilia Threshold:Absolute Count: >{{c1::0.2 x 10^9/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	Basophilia Etiology:Severe AllergiesMyeloproliferative DiseaseChronic Hemolytic AnemiaInfection: {{c1::Variola and Varicella::2}}Inflammatory Diseases…
Published	07/30/2024	4 Types of Leukemia:{{c1::Acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)Chronic lymphocy…
Published	07/30/2024	B-ALL is mostly seen in {{c1::adolescents (peak size of thymus)::demographic}}T-ALL is mostly seen in {{c1::children (peak incidence at 3 y/o)}}CLL is…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::50-70}}% of px w/ T-ALL have mediastinal (thymic) masses
Published	07/30/2024	90% of chromosomal abnormalities in ALL are {{c1::hyperdiploid}}, the rest are {{c1::pseudodiploid}}
Published	07/30/2024	AML Chromosomal Abnormalities:{{c1::t(8;21), M2t(15;17), M3Inv 16; M4e::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	ALL Chromosomal Abnormalities:{{c1::t(12;21)t(9;22)t(4;11)::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Look at my son. {{c1::Pride is not the word I'm looking for}}
Published	07/30/2024	French-American-British (FAB) Classification for AMLM{{c2::0}} - Acute Myeloid Leukemia, {{c1::minimally differentiated}} M{{c2::1}} - Acute Myeloid L…
Published	07/30/2024	French-American-British (FAB) Classification for AMLM{{c1::4}} - Acute {{c2::Myelomonocytic Leukemia}}M{{c1::4eo}} - Acute {{c2::Myelomonocytic Leukem…
Published	07/30/2024	French-American-British (FAB) Classification for AMLM{{c1::5a}} - Acute {{c2::Monocytic Leukemia, poorly differentiated}}M{{c1::5b}} - Acute {{c2::Mon…
Published	07/30/2024	French-American-British (FAB) Classification for AMLM{{c1::3}} - Acute {{c2::Promyelocytic Leukemia}}M{{c1::6}} - Acute {{c2::Erythroleukemia (DiGugli…
Published	07/30/2024	AML PBS Findings:Large cells w/ prominent nucleoli and {{c1::azurophilic granules and auer rods}} in the cytoplasm of blast cells which are condensati…
Published	07/30/2024	AML PBS Stain: {{c1::Sudan Black or Myeloperoxidase}} stain
Published	07/30/2024	Acute Leukemia Clinical Findings:{{c1::Symptoms of Anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath)Symptoms of Granulocytopenia (fever, focal infections)Symptoms…
Published	07/30/2024	AML and ALL can be differentiated using {{c1::wright's giemsa stain. Read the others. They seem more important}}
Published	07/30/2024	CML Chromosomal Abnormalities:{{c1::Philadelphia chromosome – t(9;22) resulting in a chimeric BCR-ABL gene}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Organomegaly1. Acute Leukemia2. Chronic Leukemia{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CML Clinical Findings:{{c1::Hypermetabolism (weight loss, anorexia, night sweats)Splenomegaly/Organomegaly (w/ pain and satiety)Gout & Renal Impai…
Published	07/30/2024	CML Laboratory Findings:LeukocytosisAnemiaVariable Platelets↓ {{c1::LAP}}↑ {{c1::Serum Uric Acid}}PBS: Complete spectrum of myeloid WBCs in all stages…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::CLL}} is the most common leukemia in caucasians
Published	07/30/2024	CLL Clinical Findings:{{c1::Splenomegaly/OrganomegalyImmunosuppressionSymmetrical enlargement of cervical, axillary, or inguinal lymph nodes (Most fre…
Published	07/30/2024	CLL Laboratory Findings:{{c1::35% positive Coombs test (problems with blood banking and cross matching) 15-20% immune thrombocytopeniaHypogammaglobuli…
Published	07/30/2024	(+) AML (-) ALL in {{c1::myeloperoxidase, sudan black, non-specific esterase::3 stains}}both (+) in {{c1::PAS and acid phosphatase::2 stains}}
Published	07/30/2024	ParameterL1L2L3Size of blasts{{c1::Small}}{{c2::Large}}{{c3::Large}}Nuclear Shape{{c1::Indistinct}}{{c2::Indented}}{{c3::Ova…
Published	07/30/2024	3 dyes used in flow cytometry are {{c1::Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Texas Red, Phycoerythrin (PE)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Markers in Flow CytometryCD{{c1::10 & TdT}} - {{c2::Lymphocytic Lineage}}CD{{c1::33}} - {{c2::Myeloid Lineage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can you use Flow Cytometry to Diagnose and Monitor the Px?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	To diagnose,FAB uses {{c1::morphology}}WHO uses {{c1::morphology + stains + flow cytometry + karyotyping}}
Published	07/30/2024	Markers in Flow CytometryCD{{c1::19, 20, 22, & Pax 5}} - {{c2::B cell}}CD{{c1::2, 3, 4, 7}} - {{c2::T cell}}
Published	07/30/2024	Markers in Flow CytometryCD{{c1::34, 45}} - {{c2::Blast cells (u got cancer)}}
Published	07/30/2024	75% of ALL is {{c1::B}} Cell
Published	07/30/2024	Toxic GranulationMorphological Appearance: {{c1::Large basophilic inclusions in leukocytes}}Think of: {{c1::Infection or exposure to toxic agents}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Toxic Granulation}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Dohle Inclusion Bodies}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dohle Inclusion BodiesDefect: {{c1::Remnant of RER}}Morphological Appearance: {{c1::Basophilic inclusions in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils}}…
Published	07/30/2024	May Hegglin AnomalyDefect: {{c1::Remnant of RER}}Morphological Appearance: pale blue inclusions in neutrophilsThink of: Diseases w/ {{c1::la…
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::May Hegglin Anomaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Alder Reilly Anomaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Alder Reilly AnomalyMorphological Appearance: {{c1::Heavy, coarse, blue-black granules}}Think of: {{c1::Mucopolysaccharidoses}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pelger Huet AnomalyMorphological Appearance: {{c1::Failure of normal segmentation in granulocytes → bilobed or rounded neutrophils}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Pelger Huet Anomaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Chediak Higashi Syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chediak Higashi SyndromeMorphological Appearance: {{c1::large granules in leukocytes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chediak Higashi Syndrome Clinical Findings:{{c1::easy bruising, oculocutaneous albinism and recurrent pyogenic infections::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	MDS PBS: Pancyto{{c1::penia}} and morphology is {{c1::at}}ypicalMyeloproliferative Neoplasm PBS: Pancyto{{c1::sis}} and morphology is {{c1::t}}ypical
Published	07/30/2024	MDS usually affects px aged {{c1::>50}}
Published	07/30/2024	The most common mutation identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms are {{c1::JAK2 kinase}} mutations
Published	07/30/2024	The two major categories of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms are {{c1::BCR-ABL1 (+) and (-)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Disorders under BCR-ABL1 (+) Myeloproliferative Neoplasm:{{c1::CML}}
Published	07/30/2024	Disorders under BCR-ABL1 (-) Myeloproliferative Neoplasm:{{c1::Polycythemia Vera (50%), Primary Myelofibrosis, Essential Thrombocythemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Proliferative Neoplasms, Leukemia, Infections, Myelomas, and Metastatic lesions have {{c1::hyper}}cellular bone marrow
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Myelofibrosis usually occurs in px aged {{c1::>50}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	Primary {{c2::Myelofibrosis}} Clinical Findings:{{c1::Normocytic, normochromic AnemiaSplenomegalyThromboembolic eventsPetechial bleeding::4. 3 about b…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Myelofibrosis Laboratory Findings:↓ {{c1::HgB}}↑ {{c1::WBC, LDH}}{{c1::Leukoerythroblastosis}}PBS: {{c1::Poikilocytosis, Dacryocytes}}Bone Mar…
Published	07/30/2024	When primary myelofibrosis is in the fibrotic stage, bone marrow aspiration is described as like "{{c1::Dry Tap}}"
Published	07/30/2024	Essential Thrombocythemia usually occurs in px aged {{c1::30 or 50}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	Essential Thrombocythemia Clinical Findings:{{c1::Hypochromic microcytic anemiaThrombosis/microvascular occlusion → TIAsRecurrent, spontaneous hemorrh…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Myelofibrosis can progress to {{c1::DIC}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Essential Thrombocythemia}} Laboratory Findings:Marked, isolated thrombocythemia ( > 450 x 10 9 /L; usually >1000)Platelets on PBS & B…
Status	Last Update	Fields