Notes in OG3.4 Ultrasound and fetal wellbeing

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Published	10/04/2024	Role of 1st trimester ultrasound:- {{c1::To confirm viabillity and location of the pregnancy}}- {{c1::To confirm dates by measuring crown-ru…
Published	10/04/2024	Role of second trimester ultrasound:- {{c1::Anatomical survey}}- {{c1::To confirm pregnancy dating by measuring biparietal diameter, head ci…
Published	10/04/2024	Role of 3rd trimester ultrasound:- {{c1::Calculating fetal weight}}
Published	10/04/2024	Methods of antepartum fetal surveillance:- {{c1::Maternal perception of fetal activity}}- {{c1::CTG}}- {{c1::Biophysical profile}}-&nbs…
Published	10/04/2024	Indications for antepartum fetal surveillance:- {{c1:: > 41 weeks}}- {{c1::Chronic hypertension}}- {{c1::IDDM}}- {{c1::Intraute…
Published	10/04/2024	Self-monitoring fetal movements should be recommended routinely from {{c1::28 weeks}}
Published	10/04/2024	CTG should only be performed after {{c1::26 }} weeks
Published	10/04/2024	Components of a biophysical profile:- {{c1::Fetal tone}}- {{c1::Fetal gross body movement}}- {{c1::Fetal breathing movement}}- {{c…
Published	10/04/2024	Each of the 4 parameters in a biophysical profile are given {{c1::2}} point(s) if present, and {{c1::0}} point(s) if absent
Published	10/04/2024	Biophysical profile scores < {{c1::6}} are suspicious for fetal hypoxia
Published	10/04/2024	A modified biophysical profile includes a {{c1::CTG}}, which gets a further 2 points
Published	10/04/2024	Reversed end diastolic flow in umbilical artery doppler → {{c1::deliver::next best step}}
Published	10/04/2024	Maternal cause of polyhydramnios = {{c1::GDM}}
Published	10/04/2024	Fetal causes of polyhydramnios{{c1::duodenal or esophageal atresia}}{{c1::infection (CMV, parvovirus, rubella)}}{{c1::twin to twin transfusion syndrom…
Published	10/04/2024	Fetal causes of oligohydramnios{{c1::renal abnormalities (agenesis, cystic renal disease, lower urinary tract obstruction)}}{{c1::teratogens (NSAIDs, …
Published	10/04/2024	Maternal causes of oligohydramnios{{c1::uteroplacental insufficiency (PET)}}{{c1::rupture of membranes}}
Published	10/04/2024	Complications of polyhydramnios{{c1::preterm}} labor{{c1::unstable}} lie{{c1::cord prolapse}}{{c1::PPH}}{{c1::placental abruption}} due to sudden SROM
Published	10/04/2024	Complications of oligohydramnios{{c1::intrauterine or neonatal demise}}{{c1::CTG abnormalities}} leading to emergency delivery
Published	10/04/2024	Macrosomia = birth weight >{{c1::95}}th centile or >2 SDs above mean for expected gestational age
Published	10/04/2024	Maternal causes of macrosomiamaternal {{c1::DM}}maternal {{c1::obesity}} (4-12x increased risk){{c1::multiparity}} (>3)previous LGA babies ({{c1::5…
Published	10/04/2024	Fetal causes of macrosomiamale {{c1::>::> or <}} female (by 150 grams)genetic/congenital disorders ({{c1::Beckwith-Wiedemann}} syndrome, {{c1…
Published	10/04/2024	Causes of large for dates (symphysial fundal height){{c1::incorrect dates}}{{c1::maternal obesity}}{{c1::uterine fibroids}}{{c1::macrosomia}}{{c1::pol…
Published	10/04/2024	Causes of small for dates (symphysial fundal height){{c1::incorrect dates}}{{c1::IUGR}}{{c1::transverse or oblique lie}}{{c1::engaged position in pelv…
Published	10/04/2024	C section if estimated fetal weight > {{c1::5000}} grams without DM or > {{c1::4500}} grams with DM
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::Uteroplacental insufficiency}} = most common cause of IUGR
Published	10/04/2024	Uteroplacental insufficiency leads to {{c1::asymmetric}} growth restriction
Published	10/04/2024	Causes of IUGR: 3 general classes{{c1::maternal: constitutional (age, race, height), medical hx (HTN, renal disease), environmental (smoking, illicit …
Published	10/04/2024	If reverse end diastolic flow deliver at ≥ {{c1::32}} weeksIf absent end diastolic flow deliver at ≥ {{c1::34}} weeks
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