Notes in Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction

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Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Striated skeletal}} muscle has large multinucleated cells, nuclei on the periphery of cells, and is part of the somatic nervous system
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Striated cardiac}} muscle has small cells with 1-2 nuclei connected by specialized junctions and is part of the Autonomic Nervous System
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1:: Smooth}} muscle cells contain small, single nucleated cells, with nuclei in the center of the cell, and are part of the Autonomic Nervous Syste…
Published	09/07/2023	The {{c1::sliding filament mechanism}} describes the shortening of stimulated muscle by {{c1::myosin}} binding to and moving {{c1::actin filaments}}. …
Published	09/07/2023	Changes in membrane potential lead to contraction called {{c1::E-C (excitation-contraction) coupling}}
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Muscle Fascicles}} typically contain many muscle fibers
Published	09/07/2023	The number of {{c1::myofibrils}} determines the force generating capability of muscle fibers
Published	09/07/2023	Each myofibril contains many {{c1::sarcomeres}} in series, acting as {{c1::contractile units}}
Published	09/07/2023	Each {{c1::sarcomere}} is made of many actin and myosin filaments.
Published	09/07/2023	In the sarcomere the {{c1::H band and A band}} is where there is only myosin, the {{c1::I band}} is where there is only actin, the {{c1::Z line}} is w…
Published	09/07/2023	In the sliding filament model, shortening occurs when the {{c1::thick (A band)}} and {{c1::thin (I band)}} slide past each other pulling {{c1::Z lines…
Published	09/07/2023	A {{c1::motor unit}} consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls.
Published	09/07/2023	E-C Couplings works by tthe {{c1::action potential}} opening a {{c1::L-Type Ca2+ Channel}}, then an {{c1::SR ryanodine receptor}} releasing {{c1::Ca2+…
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Myofibril}} diameter of 1-2 micrometers allows {{c1::efficient delivery and reuptake of Ca2+}} and diffusion.
Published	09/07/2023	AP duration is {{c1::5 msec}} and twitch duration is {{c1::100 msec}}
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Isometric contraction}} occurs when tension = load (no shortening).
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Isotonic contraction}} is when tension > load, so shortening is occurring.
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Creatine phosphate}} donates P to convert ADP to ATP in the first second of muscle activity.
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Anaerobic metabolism (glycolytic)}} produces ATP and lactic acid using glycolysis. Burns glucose and muscle glycogen. Makes {{c1::2.5}} ATP/min,…
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Aerobic Metabolism (oxidative)}} produces ATP, CO2, and water using oxidative phosphorylation. Burns glucose and fatty acids. Makes {{c1::1}}&nb…
Published	09/07/2023	Factors contributing to fatigue state include: {{c1::Buildup of ECF [K+], leading to persistent depolarization}}, {{c1::Buildup of metabolites, impair…
Published	09/07/2023	The three types of muscle fibers are {{c1::slow oxidative (muscles for posture)}}, {{c1::fast-oxidative-glycolytic (muscles used in walking)}}, and {{…
Published	09/07/2023	Slow-oxidative muscle fibers {{c1::resist fatigue}} , fast-oxidative-glycolytic muscle fibers {{c1::resist fatigue}}, fast-glycolytic muscle fibers ar…
Published	09/07/2023	Each motor unit contains {{c1::one}} type(s) of muscle fiber(s). Each {{c1::fascicle}} contains {{c1::more than one}} motor unit(s).
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Training}} changes {{c1::relative size}} of fibers not {{c1::number}} of fibers.
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Weight training}} induces hypertrophy to generate more force. {{c1::Endurance training}}  induces resistance to fatigue without dramatic hy…
Published	09/07/2023	In Rhabdomyolysis, muscle cels are disrupted, {{c1::creatine kinase and troponin}} are released, along with {{c1::myoglobin}}, and there is potential …
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