Notes in BioChem 1T2S

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Process in at least 1 new substance is produced because of a chemical change
Published	07/30/2024	X + Y -> XY
Published	07/30/2024	XY -> X + Y
Published	07/30/2024	X + YZ -> Y + XZ
Published	07/30/2024	WX + YZ -> YX + WZ
Published	07/30/2024	Oxygen is always a reactant and Carbon dioxide and water are always products and is always exothermic
Published	07/30/2024	transfer of e from 1 reactant to another
Published	07/30/2024	no transfer of e from 1 reactant to another
Published	07/30/2024	oxidizes the other substance
Published	07/30/2024	reduces the other substance
Published	07/30/2024	charge an atom appears to have when the bonding electrons are given to the more electronegative ion
Published	07/30/2024	Elemental state Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	Monoatomic ion Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	Group 1A Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	Group 2A Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	H Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	O Oxidation state
Published	07/30/2024	In binary molecular compounds, the more electronegative element gets the {{c1::negative}} number
Published	07/30/2024	reactant molecules, ion, atoms that collide to initiate a chemical change
Published	07/30/2024	minimum kinetic energy that colliding reactant particle must posses in order for their collision to result in a chemical reaction
Published	07/30/2024	reactants must orient themselves to result to a successful product which is why some reaction rates are slow
Published	07/30/2024	Factors necessary for a chemical reaction to occur
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exothermic reaction}} - energy is released and part of the product side Energy required to break bonds in the reactants {{c2::<}} energ…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Endothermic reaction}} - continuous input of energy is required and is part of the reactants Energy required to break bonds in the reactan…
Published	07/30/2024	rate at which the reactants are consumed into products
Published	07/30/2024	Chemical reaction rate - rate at which the reactants are consumed into products Factors {{c1::Physical nature}} {{c2::Physical state}} {{c2::Partic…
Published	07/30/2024	increase the RoR without being consumed in the reaction
Published	07/30/2024	Provides lower activation energies through another reaction pathway
Published	07/30/2024	state in which fRoR and rRoR occur simultaneously at the same rate
Published	07/30/2024	Adding more reactants favors the {{c1::fRoR}} Adding more products favors the {{c1::rRoR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Equilibrium constant Keq = [C]^y[D]^z/[A]^w[X]^x Product concentrations are always in the {{c1::numerator}} Pure liquids and pure solids …
Published	07/30/2024	Keq Temperature dependence If the fROR is exothermic, Keq {{c1::decreases}} with increasing temp If the fRoR is endothermic, Keq {{c2::i…
Published	07/30/2024	Keq Equilibrium Completeness Large Keq = {{c1::more products}} Small Keq = {{c2::more reactants}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stress applied to an equilibrium will adjust in the direction that reduces stress
Published	07/30/2024	Pressure Addition of an inert gas {{c1::does not}} affect quilibrium {{c3::Decreasing}} volume shifts equilibrium toward the side with {…
Published	07/30/2024	Catalysts {{c1::Will not}} change the position of an equilibrium but will make an equilibrium {{c2::faster}}
Published	07/30/2024	fRoR and rRoR occur at the same timeAll reactions are reversible
Published	07/30/2024	H containing compound that produces H+ ions in solution
Published	07/30/2024	OH containing compound that produces OH- ions in solution
Published	07/30/2024	production of ions from a dissolved molecular compound (no ions initially present)
Published	07/30/2024	production of ions from a dissolved ionic compound (ions initially present)
Published	07/30/2024	proton donor
Published	07/30/2024	proton acceptor
Published	07/30/2024	contains 1 more H and 1 more + charge than the base that formed it
Published	07/30/2024	contains 1 less H and 1 more - charge than the base that formed it
Published	07/30/2024	can either lose or accept a proton and can function as a BL acid or CL base
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Monoprotic}} Acid - supplies 1 protons {{c1::Diprotic Acid}} - supplies 2 protons {{c1::Triprotic Acid}} - supplies 3 protons {{c1::Polyprotic}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Strong Acid}} - transfers ~100% of its protons to water in an aqueous solution Chemical equilibrium goes to the {{c1::right}} {{c2::Weak …
Published	07/30/2024	equilibrium constant for the reaction of a weak acid in water Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
Published	07/30/2024	equilibrium constant for the reaction of a weak base in water Ka = [BH+][OH-]/[B]
Published	07/30/2024	ionic compounds that contain a metal/polyatomic ion as the + ion and a nonmetal/polyatomic ion (except OH) as the - ion
Published	07/30/2024	All common soluble salts are {{c1::completely}} dissociated into ions in solution
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hydrolysis}} - reaction of salt and water Salt of a strong acid and strong base does not hydrolyze ({{c2::neutral}} soln) Salt of s…
Published	07/30/2024	acid base reaction with salt and water as a product
Published	07/30/2024	small % of molecules in pure H2O interact and form ions
Published	07/30/2024	[H3O+] > [OH-] {{c1::acidic}} soln [H3O+] = [OH-] {{c1::neutral}} soln [H3O+] < [OH-] {{c1::basic}} soln
Published	07/30/2024	Ion product constant for H2O
Published	07/30/2024	pH
Published	07/30/2024	pKa
Published	07/30/2024	aqueous substance prevents major changes in solution pH when small amounts of acid or base are added
Published	07/30/2024	Buffer Composed of a {{c1::weak acid}} (remove the added base) and {{c1::its conjugate base}} (remove the added acid) Adding a Base shifts to the…
Published	07/30/2024	Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
Published	07/30/2024	aqueous solution conducts electricity (acidic/basic solutions) and comes from ionized/dissociated ions
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Strong}} electrolytes - completely ionize/dissociate into ions {{c2::Weak}} electrolytes - incompletely ionize/dissociate into ions
Published	07/30/2024	molar of an ion needed to supply 1 mole of + or - charge
Published	07/30/2024	measured volume of a/an acid/base of a known conc is completely reacted with a measured volume of an unknown conc
Published	07/30/2024	exhibits different colors depending on pH
Published	07/30/2024	Solution is a?
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Solvent}} - greatest amount and uniformly distributed {{c1::Solute}} - lesser amount
Published	07/30/2024	Do the properties of a solution change when you change the solvent to solute ratio
Published	07/30/2024	Are dissolved solutes present as individual particles
Published	07/30/2024	Can solutions be separated by physical means
Published	07/30/2024	maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent under set conditions
Published	07/30/2024	solubility of solid after higher temp
Published	07/30/2024	solubility of gas after higher temp
Published	07/30/2024	Pressure effect on solids and liquids
Published	07/30/2024	Pressure effect on gases
Published	07/30/2024	amount of gas at a given temp is directly proportional to the partial pressure  of the gas above the liquid
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Unsaturated}} solution - contains less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved {{c1::Saturated}} Solution - contains the maximum amount of s…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Concentrated}} solution - contains a large amount of solute relative to what can be dissolved {{c1::Dilute}} solution - contains a small amount …
Published	07/30/2024	For a solute to dissolve in a solvent... {{c1::Solute-solute}} attractions overcome {{c1::Solvent-solvent}} attractions overcome {{c1::Solu…
Published	07/30/2024	Factors to solution formation
Published	07/30/2024	amount of solute present in a specified amount of solution
Published	07/30/2024	% concentration m/m - {{c1::solute m/solution m x 100}} v/v - {{c1::solute v/solution v x 100}} m/v - {{c1::solute g/solution mL x …
Published	07/30/2024	Dilution - more solvent is added to a solution to lower its concentration - {{c1::cv = cv}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Colloidal dispersion}} - homogenous mixture that contains dispersed particles that are intermediate in size between a true solution and heteroge…
Published	07/30/2024	heterogenous mixture with heavy often visible particles that settle rapidly
Published	07/30/2024	physical property of a solution that depends on the number of solute particles
Published	07/30/2024	adding a non volatile solute to a solvent lowers vapor pressure
Published	07/30/2024	adding a non volatile solute to a solvent elevates boiling-point
Published	07/30/2024	adding a non volatile solute to a solvent lowers freezing point
Published	07/30/2024	passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane
Published	07/30/2024	pressure that prevents the net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane
Published	07/30/2024	Osmolarity
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypotonic}} solution - osmotic pressure outside < osmotic pressure in cell (hemolysis){{c1::Isotonic}} solution (5% or 0.28 M) - osmotic pres…
Status	Last Update	Fields