Notes in 03 Blood & Tissue Nematodes

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Filarial nematodes}} are roundworms that infect {{c3::vertebrates}} that are found in the blood, tissues and some subcutaneous tissues usually t…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi}} is/are tissue nematodes that preferrrably live in the lymphatic system
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and Dracunculus medinensis}} is/are tissue nematodes that preferrrably live in the subcutaneous tis…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Microfilariae}} are eggs of filarial nematodes that are elongated and worm-like
Published	07/30/2024	Most tissue microfilariae transform into its infective stage in {{c1::insects::host}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Angiostrongylus cantonensis}} is/are tissue nematodes that preferrably live in the pulmonary arteries of rats
Published	07/30/2024	Wuchereria bancrofti common name: {{c1::Bancroft's filarial worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Brugia malayi common name: {{c1::Malayan filarial worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Loa loa common name: {{c1::African eye or Loa worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Onchocerca volvulus common name: {{c1::Convoluted/blinding filaria}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wuchereria bancrofti}} is initially the only filaria present in the Philippines. However, due to travel and tourism, {{c1::Brugia malayi}} is no…
Published	07/30/2024	The sheath of {{c1::Loa Loa::Tissue Nematode}} barely stains with Giemsa stain
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Severity of elephantiasis and other manifestations1. W. bancrofti2. B. malayi{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	All filarial parasites are sheathed except for {{c1::Onchocerca volvulus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Wuchereria bancrofti::Tissue Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Knott's Technique to find filariform larva with creamy white, unstained w/ graceful …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Brugia malayi::Tissue Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Knott's Technique to find microfilaria with stained w/ kinky, stiff, rigid curvature}}
Published	07/30/2024	Wuchereria bancrofti Periodicity or Time to take Knott's Technique: {{c1::Nocturnal (10 PM - 2 AM)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Brugia malayi Periodicity or Time to take Knott's Technique: {{c1::Subperiodic (12 NN / 8 PM)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Loa Loa Periodicity or Time to take Knott's Technique: {{c1::Diurnal (12 NN)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Onchocerca volvulus Periodicity or Time to take Knott's Technique: {{c1::Non-periodic (anytime)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brugia malayi and Loa Loa}} are Tissue filarial parasites whose 2 discrete nuclei extend to the tip of their tails
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus::2}} are Tissue filarial parasites whose nuclei do NOT extend up to the tip of their tails
Published	07/30/2024	The sheath of {{c1::Wuchereria bancrofti::Tissue Nematode}} stains pale-pink with Giemsa stain
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Headspace1. Wuchereria bancrofti2. Brugia malayi{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sheath of {{c1::Brugia malayi::Tissue Nematode}} stains red-pink with Giemsa stain
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Loa Loa::Tissue Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Knott's Technique to find microfilaria with irregular curves, corkscrew appearance with a sheath …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::2/3}} of those infected with Bancroftian / lymphatic filiriasis are microfilaremics
Published	07/30/2024	Two physical manifestations of Bancroftian / lymphatic filiriasis are {{c1::hydrocele and elephantiasis}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the lifecycle of Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria (diagnostic stage) ingested by the mosquito migrates to its {{c1::muscle}} where they …
Published	07/30/2024	In the lifecycle of Wuchereria bancrofti, After 6-20 days of development, L3 larvae (infective stage) will migrate out of the muscles causing con…
Published	07/30/2024	Onchocerca volvulus causes onchoceriasis aka river {{c1::blindness}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bancroftian filiriasisAcute Symptoms: {{c1::Elephantoid Fever, adeno/dermatolymphangitis, and lymphadenitis, edema}}Chronic Symptoms: {{c1::Fibrous hy…
Published	07/30/2024	Describe elephantoid fever{{c1::Usually begins with a chill, fever remains high for 1 to 2 days, gradually subsides between 2 to 5 day period}}
Published	07/30/2024	OnchocerciasisAcute Symptoms: {{c1::Pruritus, Subcutaneous nodules}}Chronic Symptoms: {{c1::granuloma formation/reaction, caseation, fibrosis, and cal…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Mazzotti Test}} can be performed to stimulate {{c2::Onchocerca volvulus}} microfilariae to move and should cause pruritus, itching…
Published	07/30/2024	The Mazzotti test is contraindicated in px with {{c1::microfilariae in the eye}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tissue nematodes can be seen through ultrasonography when you see a (+) {{c1::filarial dance}} sign
Published	07/30/2024	Most affected body parts in Bancroftian filiriasis are the {{c1::lower limbs}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::O. volvulus}} infection, inflammation caused in skin may lead to long-term damage; Changes in skin color resulting in {{c1::“leopard ski…
Published	07/30/2024	Bancroftian filiriasis inflammation and edema on the limbs develops centri{{c1::fuga::peta/fuga}}lly
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::O. volvulus}} infection, thinning of the skin with loss of elastic function (elasticity), giving the skin a {{c1::“cigarette paper-like”…
Published	07/30/2024	In Mazzotti test, the patient is observed after giving 50 mg dose of {{c1::diethylcarbamazine (DEC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Onchocerca volvulus DOC: {{c1::ivermectin and doxycyline}}
Published	07/30/2024	Some reasons why you can't see any worms in a patient with filariasis?{{c1::Hypersensitivty reactions kill all wormsMicrofilaremic states (low intensi…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) provocative test}} can be performed to stimulate {{c2::Wuchereria bancrofti}} microfilariae to come to pe…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::Loa Loa}} infection, temporary inflammation causes patches of localized subcutaneous edema which are slightly painful, pruritis, and {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	Most common area of calabar swelling in Loa-Loa infection is the {{c1::orbit}}
Published	07/30/2024	This drug is used to control Loa-Loa infections {{c1::Albendazole }}
Published	07/30/2024	If you are going to be in an area with loiasis for a long period of time, {{c1::diethylcarbamazine (DEC) —300 mg taken once a week}}—can reduce your r…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Loa Loa::3 Tissue Nematodes}} DOC: {{c1::Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis common name: {{c1::Rat lungworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis Intermediate Hosts:{{c1::Parathelpura mistio (talangka)Achatina fulica (Giant Japanese snail)Pila luzonica (kuhol)Brotia a…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Angiostrongylus cantonensis}} Diagnosis: {{c1::↑ Eosinophilic counts in CSF Exam, Serological Tests, CT Scan (Yup, larve IN THE BRAIN), Aut…
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis DOC: {{c1::Thiabendazole, Mebendazole for eosinophilic meningitis, Prednisone for when with cranial nerve involvement…
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis M Distinct Features: {{c1::well-developed caudal bursa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis F Distinct Features: {{c1::barber's pole pattern - has uterine tubules wound spirally around the intestine }}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis Ova Distinct Features: {{c1::elongated, ovoid with delicate shells}}
Published	07/30/2024	A. cantonensis adult worms habitat in definitive host: {{c1::2 main branches of pulmonary arteries of rat}}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae infect the {{c1::molluscum (intermediate host)}} where it undergoes {{c1::two molts}} to reach the infective L…
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis larva early development occurs in the {{c1::brain}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Angiostrongylus cantonensis associated disease: {{c1::Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	A. cantonensis Tx: {{c1::mebendazole, thiabendazole, prednisone, surgical removal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dracunculus medinensis common name: {{c1::Guinea/Medina/Serpent/Fiery-serpent worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or F: Dracunculus medinensis are true filarial worms. {{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	The longest nematode is the {{c1::female Dracunculus medinensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Female {{c1::Dracunculus medinensis::Tissue Nematode}} lose their vaginas when gravid
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::D. medinensis}} infection, there are initially no symptoms, then female worms induce blisters generally on the distal lower extremities&…
Published	07/30/2024	Dracunculus medinensis Important Associated Diseases: Dracunculiasis, {{c1::Paraplegia, Blistering::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Dracunculus medinensis}} Diagnosis{{c1::X-ray of dead worms or winding stick method}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dracunculus medinensis DOC: {{c1::Metronidazole-DEC, Thiabendazole, Mebendazole}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Microfilaria}} are the infective stage of tissue nematodes to vectors (intermediate host)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::3rd stage filiform larva}} are the infective stage of tissue nematodes to humans (definitive host)
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Tissue Nematode Length 1. M 2. F{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Wuchereria bancrofti Location in humans: Lymph vessels of {{c1::lower extremities, epididymis, Labial glands::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Almost all tissue nematodes are transmitted by blood-sucking insects except for {{c1::Dracunculus medinensis transmitted by Cyclops/Copepods/Water fle…
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