Notes in Medical Neuroscience 8: Neuro-ophthalmology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Saccades}} are rapid eye movements that bring an object into the center of the visual field
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Smooth pursuits}} are slow, tracking movements that maintain a moving object in the center of the visual field
Published	09/25/2024	The {{c1::optokinetic}} reflex is a visual fixation on a moving object in the visual field before a reflexive saccade causes a fixation onto anot…
Published	09/25/2024	The {{c1::vestibulo-ocular}} reflex stabilizes the eyes, allowing them to fixate on stationary objects during head movements
Published	09/25/2024	The {{c1::Edinger-Westphal}} nucleus controls involuntary, parasympathetic ocular functions (e.g. pupillary constriction, accomodation)
Published	09/25/2024	The most common cause of an oculomotor palsy is an aneurysm from the {{c1::posterior communicating artery}}
Published	09/25/2024	The superior rectus muscle's main actions are elevation and {{c1::in}}torsion
Published	09/25/2024	The inferior rectus muscle's main actions are depression and {{c1::ex}}torsion
Published	09/25/2024	The inferior oblique muscle's main actions are elevation and {{c1::ex}}torsion
Published	09/25/2024	CN III palsy will present with {{c1::ptosis}} due to involvement of the levator palpebrae superioris
Published	09/29/2024	Involvement of the parasympathetic fibers in a CN III palsy will present with {{c1::anisocoria}} or {{c1::mydriasis}}
Published	09/25/2024	The superior oblique muscle's main actions are depression and {{c1::in}}torsion
Published	09/25/2024	Hypertropia is a condition that results from {{c1::CN IV}} palsy
Published	09/25/2024	The vertical and vergence gaze centers are located in the {{c1::reticular formation}} of the midbrain
Published	09/29/2024	The {{c1::dorsal}} area of the vertical gaze center regulates upgaze
Published	09/28/2024	The {{c1::ventral}} area of the vertical gaze center regulates downgaze
Published	09/25/2024	The {{c1::rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (RiMLF)}} and the {{c2::superior colliculus}} work together to coordinate vertical sa…
Published	09/25/2024	The RiMLF is located in the {{c1::ventral}} area of the vertical gaze center
Published	09/28/2024	Convergence and divergence are thought to be controlled by neurons from the {{c1::interstitial nucleus of Cajal}}
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Lower motor}} neurons activate the {{c2::ipsi}}lateral lateral rectus muscle during horizontal saccades
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Internuclear}} neurons activate the {{c2::contra}}lateral medial rectus muscle during horizontal saccades
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Lateral gaze}} palsy results in both eyes unable to look towards the lesioned side
Published	09/25/2024	One and a half syndrome is due to lesions in the {{c2::ipsi}}lateral {{c1::medial longitudinal fasciculus}} and the {{c1::abducens nucl…
Published	09/25/2024	In one and a half syndrome, the only possible eye movement is {{c1::abduction}} of the unaffected eye
Published	09/25/2024	In eight and a half syndrome, the {{c1::ipsi}}lateral {{c2::facial}} nerve also becomes affected
Published	09/25/2024	Lesions in the frontal eye fields produce impaired {{c1::saccadic}} eye movements to the {{c2::contra}}lateral side
Published	09/25/2024	Lesions in the parietal eye fields produce an inability to generate {{c1::smooth pursuits}} to the {{c2::ipsi}}lateral side
Published	09/25/2024	{{c1::Express}} saccades are due to activation of neurons in the superficial layer of the {{c3::superior colliculus}}
Published	09/25/2024	Frontal eye fields send signals to the {{c1::ipsi}}lateral superior colliculus
Status	Last Update	Fields