Notes in 41 Obstetric Anesthesia

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Published	12/13/2023	A pregnant patient is considered to have a {{c1::full stomach}} regardless of NPO status.
Published	12/13/2023	Discomfort during the {{c2::first}} stage of labor is primarily visceral pain from {{c1::uterine contractions}} and {{c1::cervical dilation}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What dermatomes are responsible for pain in the first stage of labor?{{c1::T10-L1 }}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of pain is present during the first stage of labor?{{c1::Visceral (dull, diffuse, cramping)}}
Published	12/13/2023	The onset of {{c2::perineal}} pain signals the beginning of {{c1::fetal descent}} and the {{c1::second}} stage of labor.
Published	12/13/2023	Sensory innervation of the perineum/vagina is provided by the {{c1::pudendal}} nerves originating from nerve roots {{c2::S2-S4}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What dermatomes are responsible for pain in the second stage of labor?{{c1::S2-S4}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do opioids cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::NSAIDs}} are not recommended in pregnancy because they suppress {{c2::uterine contractions}} and promote {{c3::closure of the ductus arteri…
Published	12/13/2023	Inhaled {{c1::nitrous oxide}} is a non-invasive alternative for labor analgesia.
Published	12/13/2023	What inhaled anesthetic has minimal effects on uterine contractility?{{c1::Nitrous oxide}}
Published	12/13/2023	A {{c1::pudendal nerve}} block is only effective during the {{c2::second}} stage of labor.
Published	12/13/2023	Paracervical plexus blocks have a high risk of {{c1::fetal bradycardia}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What nerve blocks are only effective during the first stage of labor?{{c2::Paravertebral lumbar sympathetic block}}{{c1::Paracervical block}}
Published	12/13/2023	The primary side effects of intrathecal opioids are {{c1::respiratory depression}}, {{c2::nausea}}, and {{c3::pruritis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What vasopressor is contraindicated in pregnant patients?{{c1::None}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Amiodarone}} is the agent of choice for treating local anesthetic-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
Published	12/13/2023	Postdural puncture headaches can be treated with intravenous {{c1::caffeine}}, which causes cerebral {{c2::vasoconstriction}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with moderate to severe postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may require a {{c1::epidural blood patch}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What neuraxial technique provides rapid onset and prolonged duration for labor analgesia?{{c1::Combined spinal-epidural (CSE)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Trendelenburg positions will {{c1::decrease::increase/decrease}} the FRC.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Pregnant}} patients are at increased risk of aspiration because of hormonal {{c2::airway edema}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What induction technique is required in a Cesarean section (under general anesthesia)?{{c1::RSI}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the treatment for placental abruption with an unstable fetus?{{c1::C-section}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with placenta previa with mild/moderate bleeding are usually treated with;<{{c2::37}} weeks gestation → {{c1::bed rest and observation&nbs…
Published	12/13/2023	What is the treatment for PPROM < 34 weeks?{{c1::Antibiotics}}{{c1::Tocolytics}}{{c1::Glucocorticoids (2 doses)}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Nitric oxide}} donors can be used as a tocolytic.
Published	12/13/2023	Magnesium causes {{c1::hypo}}-tension.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Eclampsia}} is defined as preeclampsia with {{c2::seizures}}
Published	12/13/2023	Patients with preeclampsia have elevated {{c1::thromboxane A2}} and decreased {{c2::prostacyclin}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Definitive treatment of preeclampsia = {{c1::delivery of fetus and placenta }}
Published	12/13/2023	Uncontrolled pain can cause hypertension and reduced uterine blood flow due to {{c1::catecholamine}} release.
Published	12/13/2023	How should the doses of vasopressors be adjusted in preeclampsia?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hypotension in a pregnant patient is managed via {{c1::left uterine}} displacement.
Published	12/13/2023	Uterine atony is treated with:{{c1::Oxytocin}}{{c2::Methylergonovine }}{{c3::Prostaglandin F2α}}
Published	12/13/2023	A category {{c2::III}} fetal heart rate has {{c1::absent}} variability ± {{c1::sinusoidal}} pattern.
Published	12/13/2023	Fetal heart rate variability classification:Minimal is <{{c1::5}} beats/minModerate is {{c1::6-25}} beats/minMarked is >{{c1::25}} beats/min
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Early}} decelerations are due to {{c2::fetal head compression}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Late decelerations}} are characterized by a decrease in fetal heart rate at or following the peak of uterine contractions.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Late}} decelerations are due to {{c1::decreased uteroplacental perfusion}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What type of fetal heart rate declerations are abrupt?{{c1::Variable decelerations}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Variable}} decelerations are due to {{c1::umbilical cord compression}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The Apgar score is recorded at {{c1::1}} min and {{c1::5}} min
Published	12/13/2023	The apgar score at {{c1::1}} min correlates with {{c2::acid-base status}}
Published	12/13/2023	The apgar score at {{c1::5}} min correlates with {{c2::neurological outcome}}
Published	12/13/2023	Neonates with an apgar score of {{c1::8-10}} are vigorous.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the preferred location for IV access in a newborn?{{c1::Umbilical vein}}
Published	12/13/2023	Neonatal blood pressure correlates with {{c1::intravascular volume}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of NS, LR, or PRBCs for neonatal resuscitation (volume expansion)?{{c1::10 mL/kg }}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of epinephrine (IV) in neonatal resuscitation?{{c1::10-30 mcg/kg}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of epinephrine via endotracheal tube during neonatal resuscitation?{{c1::0.05-0.1 mg/kg}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is prostaglandin F2α used for?{{c1::Uterine atony}}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of pain is present during the second stage of labor?{{c1::Sharp (well-localized)}}
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