Notes in 🏃 Javier

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Published	01/14/2024	Which of these describes endocytosis?A. Passive processB. Requires carrier proteinsC. Removes portion of plasma membraneD. Transfers substances throug…
Published	01/14/2024	The simple diffusion of nonpolar solutes through the membrane is enhanced by decreasing this.A. Lipid solubilityB. Molecular sizeC. Membrane areaD. Ch…
Published	01/14/2024	What happens when there is no ATP in sodium-glucose cotransport?A. Carrier will be destroyedB. Glucose will not bind to carrierC. Sorry nakalimtanD. N…
Published	01/14/2024	Which is true of facilitated transport across plasma membrane?A. Requires ATP for actionB. Requires carrier proteinC. Allows passage of small molecule…
Published	01/14/2024	This is true of the Na/K+ pump at resting membrane:A. An extrinsic membrane proteinB. Transports 2 k against electrical gradientC. Transports 3 Na alo…
Published	01/14/2024	Both the simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion exhibit this propertyA. Require ATPB. Require carrier moleculeC. Move substances uphillD. Net move…
Published	01/14/2024	2 compartments contain 0.75% NaCl solution. Compartment A contains 90 ml and Compartment B contains 20 ml. If a semipermeable membrane is placed in be…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true about Homeostatic Control Systems?A. The stability of internal environment is based on the absolute magnitude of the ou…
Published	01/14/2024	Osteoclast possesses precursor receptors which are:A. CalcitoninB. Calcitonin and rank l onlyC. Calcitonin and calcitriol onlyD. Calcitonin, rank L an…
Published	01/14/2024	Osteoclast possesses precursor receptors which are:A. CalcitoninB. Calcitonin and rank l onlyC. Calcitonin and calcitriol onlyD. Calcitonin, rank L an…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the ff is component of transcellular fluidA. plasmaB. boneC. mitochondria matrixD. Synovial fluid
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following association between fluid compartments and predominant electrolytes is correct?A. Cell: K and HCO3B. Plasma: K and ClC. Protein…
Published	01/14/2024	Water is attracted to the area where there is ___ osmotic pressure and ___ hydrostatic pressure.A. low; highB. high; lowC. low; lowD. high; high
Published	01/14/2024	How many liters of TBW is present in a 50kg male?A. 20B. 25C. 30D. 35
Published	01/14/2024	Approximately how many liters of intercellular fluid is present in a 50kg femaleA. 12B. 15C. 18D. 21
Published	01/14/2024	Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane permeable to urea. Solution A is 10 mM urea, and solution B is 5 mM urea. If the concentration of urea i…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following steps precedes the rest in any signaling event by membrane associated receptors?A. ModulationB. RecognitionC. TransductionD. Tr…
Published	01/14/2024	Which chemical messenger is associated with tyrosine phosphataseA. CD45B. Growth hormoneC. InsulinD. Nitric oxide
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the proteins directly require calcium to fully operate?453 a. JAKb. Calmadolinc. Adenlyl Cyclased. Protien Kinase A
Published	01/14/2024	The Nicotinic ACh receptor is an example of:A. Catalytic receptorB. Ionotropic receptorC. Metabotropic receptorD. Nuclear receptor
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following best describes down regulation?A. Mediated by expression of receptors via exocytosisB. Caused by decrease in secretion of chemi…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following secondary messengers is directly associated with the increase in cytosolic Ca+ concentration from the smooth ER?A. cAMPB. IP3C.…
Published	01/14/2024	This step precedes G protein subunit dissociation.454 A. Binding of ligandB. Receptor activationC. GDP to GTPD. Hydrolysis of GTP
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these happens when a receptor associated with transducin when activated by light?A. Activated by protein kinase GB. Inhibited by phosphodiest…
Published	01/14/2024	Vibrio cholerae secretes an A toxin that is transported and processed in the gut cells. It causes severe diarrhea because the toxin amplifies cAMP, ev…
Published	01/14/2024	What is the correct sequence of enzymes that will ultimately activate MAPK in the Ras pathway?A. Ras > Raf > MEK > MAPKB. Ras > GRB2 > …
Published	01/14/2024	Calcium is involved in which of the following processes?A. Muscle contractionB. Enzyme ActivationC. ExocytosisD. All of the Above
Published	01/14/2024	Physiologic activity of Ca is best measured asa. Free ionizedb. complexed to LMWc. bound to proteinsd. total concentration
Published	01/14/2024	Osteoclast possesses precursor receptors which are:A. CalcitoninB. Calcitonin and rank l onlyC. Calcitonin and calcitriol onlyD. Calcitonin, rank L an…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is synthesized by osteoblasts and plays a direct role in bone mineralization?a. Osteocalcinb. Osteoprotegerinc. Osteobindind. O…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these events in bone resorption occurs in the ruffled border of osteoclast?A. Extrsuion of bicarbonateB. Acid secretion by H pumpC. Integrin …
Published	01/14/2024	Hypercalcemia can inhibit parathyroid secretion from the parathyroid gland by:A. activating the calcium censorB. activating the adenyl cyclase pathway…
Published	01/14/2024	Which hormone is directly involved in intestinal absorption of calcium?a. Parathyroid hormoneb. Glucocorticoidc. Calcitonind. Vitamin D
Published	01/14/2024	A patient with hypocalcemic hypocalciuria has defect in:A. BoneB. KidneyC. IntestineD. PTH
Published	01/14/2024	What is involved in the depolarization of an action potential or what initiates it.A. Ligand gated channelB. Voltage gated channelC. MechanicalD. Leak…
Published	01/14/2024	The greatest contributor in the generation of the resting membrane potentialA. Na+ influxB. K+ effluxC. Na+/K+ pumpD. Cl- influx
Published	01/14/2024	Phases involves in Absolute Refractory PeriodA. Upstroke onlyB. Upstroke and Early DownstrokeC. Upstroke and Entire DownstrokeD. Upstroke, entire Down…
Published	01/14/2024	During the absolute refractory period, the membrane is resistant to stimulation because these gates are closed.A. mB. nC. hD. m, n, h
Published	01/14/2024	After an action potential is stimulated, these gates should be open to make membrane excitable again.a. m gatesb. n gatesc. h gatesd. m, n, and h gate…
Published	01/14/2024	Paulo stimulated a nerve axon. Depolarization resulted but conduction was short distance. This is because of:A. ...was suprathresholdB. Axon was unmye…
Published	01/14/2024	Kouich stimulated a plasma membrane and an action potential developed. Roy stimulated the same plasma membrane and an action potential developed. Howe…
Published	01/14/2024	When the nerve membrane is at equilibrium state, the membrane:A. Is not excitableB. Is more permeable to Na than KC. Potential is fluctuatingD. Potent…
Published	01/14/2024	Rap applied stimulus to an axon. Membrane potential reach just beyond threshold. What happens immediately after?A. Rapid influx of large amounts of Na…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is one characteristic of graded potential but not in action potential?A. Its amplitude is related to the magnitude of the stimu…
Published	01/14/2024	The plasma membrane of most cell exhibits this characteristics:A. Only small and soluble molecules can pass throughB. Stimulate one area will depolari…
Published	01/14/2024	What happens during relative refractory period?A. K+ conductanceB. All Na channels are still inactivatedC. Larger than normal stimulus to fire APD. Ea…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the ff serves as the calcium sensor for exocytosisA. Snap 25B. SynaptobrevinC. SynaptotagminD. Syntaxin
Published	01/14/2024	which of the following specific synapse passes electrical current in equal efficient and both directiona) electrical synapseb) chemical synapsec) rect…
Published	01/14/2024	Generally, receptors at postsynaptic membrane that require intercession of a g-protein is called:A. IonotropicB. MetabotropicC. NicotinicD. Muscarinic
Published	01/14/2024	If glycine is the transmitter at a synapse, which of the following would be most possible reason for termination of its action at a synapse?A. Hydroly…
Published	01/14/2024	Input on the dendrites and soma of a presynaptic neuron decreases neurotransmitter release of the said neuron. This is known as:a. Direct Inhibitionb.…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following co-peptide is released together with excitatory transmitter in the cerebral cortex.A. NeurotensinB. EncephalinC. Substance PD. …
Published	01/14/2024	If multiple transmitters are at large amount of synaptic vesicles, if exocytosis is required, which of the ff is necessary:A. Increased stimulation of…
Published	01/14/2024	A presynaptic terminal knob was stimulated by two threshold stimulus 5 m/s apart. What is expected to happen to the postsynaptic membrane?A. An action…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following classical transmitters is secreted in the ventral tegmental area:A. SerotoninB. DopamineC. AcetylcholineD. Epinephrine
Published	01/14/2024	Repetitive stimulation of a presynaptic neuron resulting in a short term increase in synaptic strength lasting for several seconds is known as:A. Faci…
Published	01/14/2024	What protein activates trans-SNARE complex in priming stage 2:A. Munc18B. NSFC. Complexin D. alpha-SNAP
Published	01/14/2024	Organophosphate poisoning. Which of the following occurs at the ach receptor site?A. Inhibition of acetylcholine receptorsB. Conduction of impulse fol…
Published	01/14/2024	Organophosphate poisoning. Which of the following occurs at the ach receptor site?A. Inhibition of acetylcholine receptorsB. Conduction of impulse fol…
Published	01/14/2024	General term given to activity-dependent changes in effectiveness of synapsesA. Longterm potentiationB. Longterm depressionC. Synaptic plasticityD. Sy…
Published	01/14/2024	The general term called for receptors involving G proteina. Ionotropicb. Nicotinicc. Metabotropicd. Muscarinic
Published	01/14/2024	The post synaptic neuron is shared by an excitatory and inhibitory terminal knob. If the excitatory and inhibitory terminal knob is stimulated at the …
Published	01/14/2024	What type pf skeletal muscle that is Fatigue Resistant and rich in Glycogen?A. Type 1AB. Type 1BC. Type 2AD. Type 2B
Published	01/14/2024	What characteristic shared by smooth and skeletal muscleA. Thick and thin filament sarcomereB. TroponinC. Increase in intracellular ca2+ for excitatio…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the ff mechanisms in of e-c coupling is shared with the cardiac and smooth muscle? (cardiac & smooth? or skeletal?)A. Ca-induced by RYR2B…
Published	01/14/2024	Accumulation of w/ solute in the ICF (?) is responsible for tetanus?A. NaB. KC. ClD. Ca
Published	01/14/2024	In skeletal muscle fiber before the release of Ca sarcoplasmic T tubules in excitation coupling.A. Ca in sarcoplasmic membranousB. Ca2+ release in sar…
Published	01/14/2024	At which % of the optimal length of a sarcomere is tension at its peak?A. 50B. 70C. 100D. 145
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these initiates the power stroke phase of the cross bridge cycle.A. ATP bindingB. ATP hydrolysisC. Release of PiD. Release of ADP
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?A. Lack of action potential in motor neuronsB. A decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levelC. An incr…
Published	01/14/2024	A 42 year-old man diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis notes an increase in muscle strength when treated with Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibitor. The b…
Published	01/14/2024	Most effective removal of cytosolic Ca2+ in skeletal musclesA. CACRB. NCXC. Ca release channelD. SERCA
Published	01/14/2024	In contraction of GI smooth muscle, what happens after the binding of Ca to CAM?A. CICRB. Increase in myosin light chain kinaseC. Increase in intracel…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of the cytoskeleton?A. Maintains nuclear and cell shapeB. Localized in cell membraneC. Polar intermediate filamentsD. S…
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