Notes in 04 Hypersensitivity Reactions and Autoimmune Diseases

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Published 01/25/2024 Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by cross-linking IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils? {{c1::Type I HSR}}
Published 01/25/2024 Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by binding of antibodies to cell-surface antigens? {{c1::Type II HSR}}
Published 01/25/2024 Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by circulating immune complexes? {{c1::Type III HSR}}
Published 01/25/2024 Type {{c2::IV}} HSRs may occur via delayed-type hypersensitivity, which involves CD4+ T-cells
Published 01/25/2024 {{c2::Sjögren's}} syndrome is an autoimmune destruction of {{c1::lacrimal}} and {{c1::salivary}} glands
Published 01/25/2024 What demographic is associated with Sjögren's syndrome? {{c1::Older woman (40-60 years old)::age, gender}}
Published 01/25/2024 What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Sjögren's syndrome? {{c1::Type IV (lymphocyte-mediated damage)}}
Published 01/25/2024 Sjögren's syndrome classically presents with {{c1::dry eyes}}, known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Published 01/25/2024 Sjögren's syndrome classically presents with {{c1::dry mouth}}, known as xerostomia
Published 01/25/2024 Sjögren's syndrome may present with recurrent {{c1::dental caries::oral complication}}
Published 01/25/2024 Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by bilateral enlargement of the {{c1::parotid}} glands
Published 01/25/2024 Sjögren's syndrome can be primary ({{c1::sicca}} syndrome) or associated with another autoimmune disorder, especially {{c2::rheumatoid arthritis}…
Published 01/25/2024 What anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies are associated with Sjögren's syndrome? {{c1::Anti-SSA (Ro) and SSB (La) antibodies::full name (short…
Published 01/25/2024 The anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome are against {{c1::ribonucleoproteins}}
Published 01/25/2024 Diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome is confirmed by presence of focal {{c1::lymphocytic sialadenitis}} on labial salivary gland biopsy
Published 01/25/2024 Which autoimmune disease is characterized by sclerosis of skin and visceral organs? {{c1::Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)}}
Published 01/25/2024 What demographic  is associated with scleroderma? {{c1::Middle-aged females (30-50 years)::age, gender}}
Published 01/25/2024 Which autoimmune disease classically presents with puffy, taut skin without wrinkles? {{c1::Scleroderma}}
Published 01/25/2024 Scleroderma may present with fingertip {{c1::pitting}}
Published 01/25/2024 Limited scleroderma is characterized by limited skin involvement confined to {{c1::fingers}} and {{c2::face}}
Published 01/25/2024 Limited scleroderma is also referred to as "CREST syndrome": C: {{c1::Calcinosis cutis (and anti-Centromere Abs)}}R: {{c2::Raynaud phenomenon}} E: {{c…
Published 01/25/2024 Which type of scleroderma is associated with the anti-centromere antibody? {{c1::Limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)}}
Published 01/25/2024 {{c1::Diffuse}} scleroderma is characterized by widespread skin involvement with early visceral involvement
Published 01/25/2024 Sclerosis of what organ is the most common cause of death in scleroderma? {{c1::Lungs}}
Published 01/25/2024 {{c1::Anti-synthetase}} (anti-Jo-1) autoantibodies are associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Published 01/25/2024 {{c1::Anti-helicase}} (anti-Mi-2) autoantibodies are associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Published 01/25/2024 Anti-SRP antibodies are associated with {{c1::polymyositis}} and {{c1::dermatomyositis}}
Published 01/25/2024 Inflammation in {{c2::dermato}}-myositis is mediated by CD-{{c1::4}}+ T cells
Published 01/25/2024 {{c1::Poly}}-myositis is an inflammatory disorder of skeletal muscle only
Published 01/25/2024 Inflammation in {{c2::poly}}-myositis is mediated by CD-{{c1::8}}+ T cells
Published 01/25/2024 What enzyme is elevated in both dermatomyositis and polymyositis?{{c1::Creatine kinase (CK)}}
Published 01/25/2024 Polymyositis and dermatomyositis may have ANA, {{c1::anti-Jo-1}}, {{c2::anti-Mi-2}}, and/or {{c3::anti-SRP}} antibodies
Published 01/25/2024 What is the treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis? {{c1::Corticosteroids, followed by immunosuppressant therapy}}
Published 01/25/2024 Treatment of Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis involves {{c2::corticosteroids}} followed by long-term {{c1::methotrexate}} therapy
Published 01/25/2024 Routine monitoring of which organ is necessary for patient's being treated with long-term hydroxychloroquine?{{c1::Eyes}}
Published 01/25/2024 Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are antimalarials that can be used to cause {{c1::immuno}}-suppression as well as retinopathy
Published 01/25/2024 Both polymyositis and dermatomyositis are associated with {{c1::interstitial lung}} disease
Published 01/25/2024 Dermatomyositis may present with a "{{c1::Mechanic's rash}}", which is darkening / thickening of fingertips + sides of fingers + palm sides result in …
Published 01/25/2024 Perimysial inflammation is seen in {{c1::dermatomyositis::condition}}Endomysial inflammation is seen in {{c1::polymyositis::condition}}
Published 01/25/2024 Diagnosis of polymyositis or dermatomyositis is made with {{c1::EMG::diagnostic tool}} and confirmed with {{c2::muscle biopsy::procedure}}
Published 01/25/2024 Activation-induced cell death is supposed to occur by 2 mechanisms:{{c1::Fas and FasL}}-mediated apoptosis of T cells{{c1::Perforin and granzyme}}-med…
Published 01/25/2024 Some parts of the body are {{c4::immune privileged}}, meaning they have no lymphocytes:{{c1::Eye}}{{c2::Brain and spinal cord}}{{c3::Placenta}}OvaryTe…
Published 01/25/2024 T cells can receive "negative costimulation" by binding of {{c1::CTLA4}} or {{c1::PD1}}
Published 02/05/2024 CTLA4 inhibits T cell activation when it binds to {{c1::CD28}}
Published 01/25/2024 IgA prevents both infection and inflammation by binding to {{c1::pathogens}} without binding to {{c1::Fc receptors}}
Published 01/25/2024 Microbial products such as SCFAs and retinoic acid promote tolerance to commensals by inducing the production of {{c1::Treg cells}}
Published 01/25/2024 Each T cell can either bind MHC I or MHC II, but not both. This phenomenon is called {{c1::MHC restriction}}
Published 01/25/2024 {{c2::Central}} tolerance occurs in the {{c1::primary}} lymphoid organs, as lymphocytes are developing and maturing
Published 01/25/2024 {{c2::Peripheral}} tolerance occurs in the {{c1::secondary}} lymphoid organs, once lymphocytes are mature but naive
Published 01/25/2024 {{c1::Peripheral}} tolerance involves ignorance and anergy of lymphocytes
Published 01/25/2024 Somatic hypermutation is unlikely to make a B cell become self-reactive because said B cells will likely die due to lack of {{c1::rescue signals}…
Published 01/25/2024 Of the 2 classes of checkpoint inhibitors, the ones targeting the {{c1::PD-1/PD-L1}} checkpoint tend to be more tumor-specific than the ones targ…
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