Notes in Malformation & Devt of Disorders and Trauma

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Published	12/09/2024	Neural Tube DefectsAnencephaly MyelomeningoceleEncephalocele Spinal Dysraphism
Published	12/09/2024	Forebrain Abnormalities
Published	12/09/2024	Perinatal Brain Injury
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Anencephaly}}Malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube that leads to absence of most of the brain and calvarium  {{c1::Area c…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Myelomeningocele}}  AKA {{c1::Meningomyelocele}} Extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column  …
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Encephalocele}} Extrusion of malformed brain tissue through a {{c2::midline}} defect in the cranium  Most often in the {{…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Spinal Dysraphism}}{{c1::Spina bifida}}Most common {{c2::neural tube defect}}Flattened, disorganized segment of spinal cord, associ…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Megalo/ Microencephaly}}● Abnormally large / small volume of the brain → Latter is more common Associated with a number of conditio…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Lissencephaly}} Malformation characterized by reduction in the number of gyri {{c1::Agyria}}:if no gyral pattern{{c1::T…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Polymicrogyria}} Numerous small, irregularly formed cerebral convolutions with shallow sulci Cerebral cortex composed o…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Neuronal Heterotopias}}Collections of subcortical neurons in inappropriate locations along the pathway of migration{{c1::Para…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Neuronal Heterotopias}}Collections of subcortical neurons in inappropriate locations along the pathway of migration{{c1::Para…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Holoprosencephaly}}  Incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline {{c1::Cyclopi…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum}} Absence of white matter bundles that carry cortical projections from one hemisp…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Arnold-Chiari Malformation}}{{c1::Chiari Type II}}Small posterior fossa, misshapen midline cerebellum with downward…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Chiari Type I Malformation}}Less severeLow-lying cerebellar tonsils extend down into the vertebral canalMay be {{c1::silent}}…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1:: Dandy-Walker Malformation}}Enlarged posterior fossaAbsent → Replaced by a {{c1::midline cyst}} lined by ependymaRud…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Joubert Syndrome}}Hypoplasia of {{c2::cerebellar vermis}} with apparent elongation of the superior cerebellar peduncl…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Syringomyelia and Hydromyelia}}Expansion of ependymal-lined central canal of the cord {{c1::(hydromyelia)}} …
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Cerebral Palsy}}Non-progressive neurologic motor deficit characterized by combinations of spasticity, dystonia, a…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage}}[perinatal brain injury] near the junction between the thalamus and caudate nucle…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Periventricular Leukomalacia}} Infarcts in supratentorial periventricular white matter, especially in prem…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Ischemic Lesions}} {{c1::Ulegyria}} → Pertains to mushroom-shaped gyri with thinned-out, gliotic st…
Published	12/09/2024	The earlier in development a malformation occurs, the {{c1::more severe}} morphologic and funct…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS}} ●  Midline malformation that involves some combination of ne…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS}} Most common CNS malformationsMay be due to:→  Failure of&nbs…
Published	12/09/2024	Types of spina bifida → Spina bifida {{c1::occulta}} ▪ Tissues do not go beyond the skin → Spina bifida {{c1::with meningocel…
Published	12/09/2024	Syringomyelia may be associated with a {{c1::Chiari}} malformation or occur in association with {{c1::intraspinal tumors}} or following {{c1::tra…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Syrinx}} → Isolated loss of pain and temperature sensation in the upper extremities
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Hydromyelia}} → When the central canal is expanded by the fluid so the central canal is enlarged {{c1::Syringomyelia}} → When …
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