Notes in Blood Composition (10/31)

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Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Platelets}} are cell fragments produced by {{c1::megakaryocytes}}
Published	11/11/2023	The formed elements of blood are either {{c1::Erythrocytes}} or {{c1::WBCs}}
Published	11/11/2023	An Electrolyte is a substance that {{c1::ionizes}} in an aqueous solution (blood).
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)}} is the major extracellar buffer
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Electrolyte}} balance is the a reflection of {{c2::kidney}}, {{c2::liver}}, and {{c2::heart}} function
Published	11/11/2023	⇧ {{c1::Creatinine}} can be indicative of improper {{c2::renal}} function
Published	11/11/2023	Measurements only found in a CMP (6)
Published	11/11/2023	Albumin is synethesized in the {{c1::liver}}
Published	11/11/2023	Physiologic functions of albumin (4)
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Histidine}} & {{c1::Cysteine}} have pKa values within {{c2::2}} pH units of 7.4 and can act as buffers
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Transthyretin (prealbumin)}} is the primary transporter of {{c1::Thyroxine}} & {{c1::Retinol}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::α1-globulin}} is a protease inhibitor, providing protection from proteases released from immune cells
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT)}} deficiency causes {{c1::emphysema}}
Published	11/11/2023	α2-globulin = {{c1::haptoglobin}}
Published	11/11/2023	The cellular receptor target of the Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin complex is the monocyte/macrophage scavenger receptor, {{c1::CD163}}
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Ceruloplasmin}} is the major {{c1::copper}}-carrying protein.
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Hephaestin}} is a homolog to {{c2::Ceruloplasmin}}.{{c1::Hephaestin}} oxidizes iron during enterocyte absorption of iron
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::β}}-globulin = {{c1::transferrin}}
Published	11/11/2023	Elevated serum {{c1::transferrin}} can indicate {{c2::iron overload}}
Published	11/11/2023	Iron complexes with {{c1::ferritin}} until needed for specific cytochromes and heme groups
Published	11/11/2023	The {{c1::Liver}} is the primary reserve storage for iron
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Kupffer}} cells phagocytosize aged RBCs and then release the “recycled” iron using a ferroportin transporter ({{c2::FP1}}) just like the duodena…
Published	11/11/2023	If hepatocytes have sufficient iron-ferritin, they release a {{c3::peptide}} hormone {{c3::{{c1::hepcidin}}}} which inhibits the {{c2::ferroporti…
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::⇧}} [hepcidin] = {{c2::⇩}} intestinal absorption & macrophage trapping of iron (inflammation)
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::⇩}} [hepcidin] = {{c1::⇧}} intestinal absorption and macrophage release of iron (hemochromatosis)
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Anemia}} & {{c1::hypoxia}} both trigger a {{c2::decrease}} in hepcidin levels
Published	11/11/2023	{{c1::Fructose::monosaccaride}} is a fat producer as its metabolism primarily occurs in the liver
Published	11/11/2023	{{c2::Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis}} is a disease caused by mutations in the {{c2::TTR gene}}, prodcuing amyloid fibril aggregation which…
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