Notes in PH.S1.L09.Chemotherapeutic Agents

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Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6295:top=.9514:width=.222:height=.0369:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3122:top=.9462:width=.2489:height=.0492…
Published	10/28/2024	Classification of Cancer Drugs which kills the cells directly?
Published	10/28/2024	Classification of cancer drugs that targets receptors expressed in cancer cells
Published	10/28/2024	Classification of cancer drug that targets enzymatic production of hormones
Published	10/28/2024	Classification of cancer drugs that stimulate the immune system upon the cancer cells
Published	10/28/2024	Which cell cycle checkpoint assesses cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA damage before entering the S Phase?
Published	10/28/2024	If the cell is deemed suitable at any checkpoint , it proceeds to the next phase phase. If not, it may undergo: {{c1::Cell cycle arrest}}: The cell p…
Published	10/28/2024	Whihch checkpoint of the cell cycle verifies accurate DNA replication and cell size before mitosis? {{c1::G2/M Checkpoint}}
Published	10/28/2024	In cancer: Cells remain {{c1::immature}} and {{c2::nonfunctional}} but compete with normal cells to thrive
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Neoplasms}} are new growths that do not follow the general rule of cell differentiation, cell death, and checkpoints
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1081:top=.1874:width=.1767:height=.0457}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1642:top=.0033:width=.1487:height=.0337}}{{…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2885:top=.7851:width=.14:height=.0995}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4837:top=.1267:width=.133:height=.1267}}{{c1:…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Alkylating Agents}}Mechanism of Action:An {{c2::electrophilic alkyl}} group binds to {{c3::cellular nucleophilic}} sites to form covalent linkag…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents:  {{c1::Nitrosureas::What Group?}}{{c2::Carmustine}}{{c2::Streptozotocin}}{{c2::Lomustine}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Nitrosureas{{c1::Carmustine}}One of the most commonly used drugsTargets CNS Cancers and cancers of the blood
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Nitrosureas{{c1::Streptozotocin}}Natural product of {{c2::Streptomyces achromogenes}}Cancers of the {{c3::Islets of Langerhans}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: {{c1::Nitrogen Mustards::What group?}}{{c2::Busulfan::B}}{{c2::Bendamustine::B}}{{c2::Chlorambucil::C}}{{c2::Cyclophosphamide::C}}{…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Nitrogen Mustards{{c1::Busulfan}}Indicated for {{c2::Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)}} and in conditioning protocols for {{c3::b…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Nitrogen Mustards{{c2::Bendamustine}}For {{c1::Multiple Myeloma}} and {{c1::Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL)}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: {{c1::Triazines::What Group ?}}{{c2::Procarbazine}}{{c2::Dacarbazine}}{{c2::Temozolomide}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Triazines{{c1::Procarbazine}}Indicated for{{c2::CNS cancers}}{{c2::Hodgkin Lymphoma}}{{c2::NHL}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Triazines{{c1::Dacarbazine}}Indicated for{{c2::Malignant Melanoma}}{{c2::Hodgkin Lymphoma}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Triazines{{c1::Temozolomide}}Indicated for{{c2::CNS Cancers}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESProfound effects on the {{c1::reproductive}} organs{{c1::Carcinogenesis}}{{c1::Teratogenesis}}{{c1::Alopecia}}{{c1::Aller…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESProfound effects on the reproductive organsPredilection to {{c1::older individuals (age-related)}}Depletionof {{c2::testi…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESCarcinogenesis {{c1::Cyclophosphamide::C}}, {{c1::Melphalan::M}}, {{c1::Chlorambucil::C}}, and {{c1::Nitrosoureas::N…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESTeratogenesis Definitive risk of malformed fetus when given in the {{c1::1st}} trimester
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIES{{c3::Alopecia}}May occur  after {{c1::Cyclophosphamide}} May be especially severe in combination with {{c2::Vi…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESAllergic Reactions Alkylating agents covalently bind to proteins forming conjugates which then act as {{c1::haptens}…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: TOXICITIESMyelosuppression Suppress both {{c3::humoral}} and {{c3::cellular}} immunity {{c1::Cyclophosphamide}} Most…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: {{c1::Platinum Agents::What Group?}}Mechanism of Action{{c2::Alkylators}} → cross links DNA by preferentially binding to {{c3::N7 p…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: {{c1::Platinum Agents::What Group?}}{{c2::Cisplatin}}{{c2::Carboplatin}}{{c2::Oxaliplatin}}
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Platinum Agents{{c1::Cisplatin}}Majority of drug is excreted in {{c2::urine}}Toxicities{{c3::Nephrotoxicity}}Glomerular and Tubular…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Platinum Agents{{c2::Carboplatin}}Dichloride substituted by {{c1::cyclobutane-dicarboxylate}}Clinical activity  similar with C…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Platinum Agents{{c1::Oxaliplatin}}Has activity vs Cisplatin-resistant tumorsMore active in pancreatic, gastric, esophageal, colon c…
Published	10/28/2024	Alkylating Agents: Platinum AgentsOxaliplatinToxicities {{c1::Cumulative neurotoxicity}} {{c2::Reversible::Reversible or Irreversible}}Tingl…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Antimetabolites}} are chemotherapeutic drugs with a maximal cytotoxic effect in the {{c2::S}} phase and are cell-cycle {{c3::specific::Specific …
Published	10/28/2024	Antimetabolites: {{c1::Pyrimidine Analogs/Pyrimidine Antagonists}} {{c2::Fluorouracil}} {{c2::Capecitabine}} {{c2::Floxuridine}}
Published	10/28/2024	Antimetabolites: {{c1::Purine Analogs/ Purine Antagonists::What group?}} {{c2::6-mercaptopurine}} {{c2::Thioguanine}}
Published	10/28/2024	Antimetabolites: {{c1::Antifolates::What group?}}{{c2::Methotrexate }}{{c3::Pemetrexed }}{{c4::Pralatrexate}}
Published	10/28/2024	Antimetabolites: {{c1::Enzyme inhibitors}}{{c2::Cladribine::C}}{{c2::Fludarabine::F}}{{c2::Gemcitabine::G}}{{c2::Clofarabine::C}}{{c2::Nelarabine::N}}…
Published	10/28/2024	Purine synthesis starts with {{c1::Inosine Monophosphate (IMP)}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Inosine Monophosphate (IMP)}} Composed of {{c2::phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP)}}, {{c2::amino acid}}, and {{c2::folate}} Purine precursor F…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine synthesis starts  with {{c1::orotate}} + {{c2::PRPP}} → {{c3::UMP}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Uridine Monophosphate (UMP)}} Orotate + PRPP Will become {{c2::uridine diphosphate (UDP)}} Further downstream, it will have a precursor cal…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Deoxythymidine Monophosphate (dTMP)}}: Precursor of {{c2::pyrimidines}}
Published	10/28/2024	Inhibition of {{c1::thymidylate synthase}} will inhibit formation of {{c2::dTMP}}
Published	10/28/2024	Thymidylate Synthase also acts on the conversion of {{c1::methyltetrahydrofolate}} into {{c2::tetrahydrofolate}}
Published	10/28/2024	Key enzymes of pyrimidine synthesis{{c1::Thymidylate synthase }}{{c1::Dihydrofolate reductase}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Folate }}Essential for the biosynthesis of purines (IMP formation), pyrimidines, and proteinsCofactor from which {{c4::tetrahydrofolate}} a…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-folate: MethotrexateToxicities {{c1::Myelosuppression }}Usually completely reversed in {{c2::14}} days {{c1::GI toxicity }}{{…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-folate: Methotrexate{{c1::Leucovorin Rescue}} {{c1::Leucovorin}} + high dose MTX to rescue host tissues Utilized only by normal tissues…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-folate: {{c1::Pemetrexed}}Multitargeted folate analog Inhibits the following enzymes {{c2::Thymidylate synthase::TS}} {{c2::Dihydr…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-folate: {{c1::Pemetrexed}}Toxicities {{c2::Dose-limiting myelosuppression}} {{c2::Mucositis }}{{c2::Skin rash (hand-foot syndrome)…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-folate: PemetrexedReduction of Toxicity {{c1::Folic Acid}} must be taken {{c4::within 7}} days prior to first dose and continued until 21 da…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilOrally administered? {{c1::NO}}
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilMorethan 85% inactivated by {{c1::dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase}}
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: {{c1::5-Fluorouracil}}{{c3::Erratic}} bioavailability because of increased levels of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in …
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: {{c1::5-Fluorouracil}}Combined with other agents to enhance antitumor activity (e.g. MTX. L-aspartic acid). Given together wit…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilToxicitiesDose and schedule dependent Mainside effects {{c1::Diarrhea }}{{c1::Mucositis }}{{…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilToxicitiesMainside effects {{c1::Diarrhea }}{{c1::Mucositis }}{{c1::Myelosuppression }}
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilToxicitiesAcute neurologic symptoms {{c1::Somnolence}} {{c1::Cerebellar ataxia}} {{c1::Upper moto…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: 5-FluorouracilToxicities{{c1::Coronary vasospasm}} (rare) Patients who already have heart problems are advised that there…
Published	10/28/2024	Pyrimidine Antagonists: {{c1::Capecitabine}}5-FU prodrug Pharmacologically inactive compound convertible to active form via metabolic transformat…
Published	10/28/2024	Enzyme inhibitor: {{c1::Cytarabine}}Potent inhibitor of {{c2::DNA Polymerases}}Interferes with DNA elongation, synthesis, and repair Acts as {{c3…
Published	10/28/2024	Ara-C syndrome is associated with {{c1::Cytarabine::drug}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Ara-C}} syndrome Described in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies Begins 12 hours after start of infusion of  CytarabineFever,…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Gemcitabine}} is a pro drug that requires activation to {{c2::phosphrylated}} form via {{c3::deoxycytidine kinase}}.
Published	10/28/2024	Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite drug classified as a/an {{c1::enzyme inhibitor}}.
Published	10/28/2024	Enzyme inhibitor: GemcitabineToxicities{{c1::Myelosuppression}} {{c1::Transient flu-like symptoms}} {{c1::Renal microangiopathy syndromes}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Topoisomerases}}: Enzymes that participate in the under and overwinding of DNA
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Topoisomerase I Inhibitors::What class of TI Inhibitors}} {{c2::Irinotecan}} ▪ Prodrug metabolized to active {{c3::SN-38 }}▪ Most…
Published	10/28/2024	Which is more water soluble? {{c1::Topotecan::Irinotecan or Topotecan}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Topoisomerase II Inhibitors::What  class of TI inhibitors}} {{c2::Doxorubicin}} Potent vesicant Maycause secondary leukemias, cardiotoxicit…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Microtubules}}: Forms part of the cytoskeleton and provides cytoplasm structure and shape.
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Microtubules}}: Important for signaling, vesicle transport and polarity. Serves a critical role in cell division. It guides sister chromati…
Published	10/28/2024	ANTI-MICROTUBULES MECHANISM OF ACTION Disrupt microtubule dynamics {{c1::Directly::Directly or indirectly}} bind to tubules Inhibit {{c2::tu…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Taxanes}} Microtubule stabilizing Stabilize microtubules preventing them from being deconstructed and being reconstructed into spindle fibers
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Vinca Alkaloids}} Microtubule destabilizing Bind tubulin dimers and prevent them from being constructed into a protofilament and be made into mi…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: {{c1::Taxanes}}Inhibits {{c3::metaphase/anaphase}} junction of mitosis Induces mitotic arrest at {{c2::G2/M}} transition leadi…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Paclitaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Neuropathy }}Principal toxicity Symmetric, stocking and glove distributio…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Paclitaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Neutropenia}} Onset: {{c2::Day 8-11}} Recovery: {{c3::Day 15-21}} No…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Paclitaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Bradycardia }}Transient {{c1::sinus bradycardia}} Most common cardiac rhy…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Paclitaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Hypersensitivity }}Due to {{c2::cremophore ethanol}} Usually within {{c3:…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Paclitaxel) Toxicities Less Common Toxicities {{c1::Vomiting and diarrhea}} {{c1::Hepatotoxicity and p…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Docetaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Neutropenia}} Main toxicity Onset: Day {{c2::8}} Resolution: Day {{c3::15-…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Docetaxel) Toxicities Hypersensitivity 1st {{c1::2}} sessions and within minutes Resolves within {{c1::15}}…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Docetaxel) Toxicities {{c1::Fluid Retention Syndrome}} Due to increased capillary permeability Cumulative&n…
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Taxanes (Docetaxel) Toxicities Skin Toxicity {{c1::Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia}} {{c2::Onychodystrophy}}
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: {{c1::Vinca Alkaloids}}Depolymerize microtubules and destroy mitotic spindles Suppress microtubule dynamics
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Vinca AlkaloidsNaturally occurring {{c1::Vinblastine}} {{c1::Vincristine}}
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Vinca AlkaloidsSemisynthetic {{c1::Vinorelbine }}{{c2::Vindesine }}{{c3::Vinflunine}}
Published	10/28/2024	Anti-Microtubules: Vinca AlkaloidsToxicities Potent {{c1::Vesicants }}Adequate {{c1::flushing}} after treatment When extravasation is s…
Status	Last Update	Fields