Notes in B. HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS

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Published	12/09/2024	The outcome of infection is determined by: {{c1::Virulence of the microbe}} {{c2::Nature of the host immune response}}
Published	12/09/2024	To escape recognition, microbes have strategies that allow them to "change their coats" by {{c1::expressing different surface antigens}}
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0237:top=.136:width=.2745:height=.0512}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0237:top=.3277:width=.3024:height=.05}}{{c3:…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp.::3}} : microbes that use strategies to avoid killing by cationic antimicrobial peptides
Published	12/09/2024	The {{c1::carbohydrate capsule}} on the surface of many bacteria prevents phagocytosis of the organisms by neutrophils.Examples:{{c2::Streptococcus pn…
Published	12/09/2024	Protein A is expressed by {{c1::S. aureus}}
Published	12/09/2024	It binds the {{c2::Fc portion of antibodies}}; inhibits phagocytosis by competitively reducing binding of the antibodies to phagocytose {{c2::Fc recep…
Published	12/09/2024	Pathogens that are resistant to intracellular killing in phagocytes{{c1::Mycobacteria}}{{c1::Listeria monocytogenes}}{{c1::Cryptococcus neoformans&nbs…
Published	12/09/2024	How do microbes evade apoptosis and manipule host cell metabolism?
Published	12/09/2024	Mechanisms of resistance to cytokine-, chemokine- and complement-mediated host defense (3)
Published	12/09/2024	T cells recognize microbial antigens presented by MHC molecules Class I for {{c1::CTLs}} Class Il for {{c2::CD4+ cells}}
Published	12/09/2024	Several DNA viruses bind to or alter localization of {{c1::MHC class I}} proteins → Impairing peptide presentation to {{c2::CD8+ T}} cells Examples: {…
Published	12/09/2024	{{c1::Herpesviruses}} target MHC class Il molecules for degradation → Impairing antigen presentation to {{c2::CD4+ T-helper}} cells
Published	12/09/2024	Immunoregulatory mechanisms to downregulate antimicrobial T-cell response{{c1::T-cell exhaustion}} is the loss of T cell potency over time. It is the …
Published	12/09/2024	Immunoregulatory mechanisms to downregulate antimicrobial T-cell response{{c1::Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)}} → Immune checkpoint cell surfa…
Published	12/09/2024	Immunoregulatory mechanisms to downregulate antimicrobial T-cell response{{c1::PD-1 pathway}} → Functions to maintain T-cell tolerance to self-antigen…
Published	12/09/2024	Establishing a state of latent infection Few, if any, viral genes are expressed, until reactivation Latent infection of neurons by {{c1::HSV}} and {{c…
Published	12/09/2024	Pathogens can infect immune cells and interfere with their function ● HIV-infects and destroys {{c1::CD4+ T}} cells
Published	12/09/2024	Infections in People with Immunodeficiencies{{c2::Opportunistic}}Organisms that cause disease in immunodeficient individuals but not in people with in…
Published	12/09/2024	Infections in People with ImmunodeficienciesDecline of immune responses can result in {{c1::reactivation of latent infection }}
Published	12/09/2024	Infections in People with ImmunodeficienciesNon-immune diseases or injuries also increase susceptibility to infection {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}} a…
Published	12/09/2024	Infections in People with ImmunodeficienciesT/FMalnutrition can impair immune defenses. {{c1::True}}
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