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6 Hemodynamics, Vascular Distensibility, Blood Flow, Regulation
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Published
10/07/2024
What is the main function of vascular distensibility?A) To store oxygenB) To allow blood vessels to stretch in response to pressureC) To pump blood th…
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10/07/2024
Which of the following is TRUE about veins compared to arteries?A) Veins are less distensible than arteriesB) Veins cannot store bloodC) Veins are mor…
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10/07/2024
What does vascular compliance (capacitance) measure?A) The resistance of blood vessels to blood flowB) The ability of blood vessels to contractC) The …
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10/07/2024
. What happens to blood pressure when veins store more blood?A) Blood pressure rises significantlyB) Blood pressure drops immediatelyC) Blood pressure…
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10/07/2024
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on arteries and veins?A) It decreases blood pressureB) It increases the vessels' complianceC) It causes …
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10/07/2024
What is the main purpose of delayed compliance (stress-relaxation) in blood vessels?A) To immediately lower blood pressureB) To allow vessels to gradu…
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10/07/2024
Pulse pressure depends on which two factors?A) Diastolic pressure and blood volumeB) Stroke volume and arterial complianceC) Systolic pressure and blo…
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10/07/2024
In aortic regurgitation, what happens to diastolic pressure?A) It stays the sameB) It increasesC) It decreases significantlyD) It fluctuates randomly
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10/07/2024
What causes the damping of pressure pulses as blood moves through smaller arteries and arterioles?A) Increased oxygen levelsB) Higher heart rateC) Res…
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10/07/2024
What determines blood flow through a blood vessel?A) Temperature and viscosityB) Pressure difference and vascular resistanceC) Diameter and length of …
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10/07/2024
In which direction does blood flow in relation to pressure?A) From low pressure to high pressureB) From high pressure to low pressureC) In any directi…
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10/07/2024
What is effective perfusion pressure?A) The pressure in the heart during systoleB) Mean arterial pressure minus mean venous pressureC) The pressure di…
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10/07/2024
How is resistance in a blood vessel calculated?A) By multiplying pressure by flowB) By dividing pressure by flowC) By adding pressure and flowD) By me…
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10/07/2024
What type of blood flow occurs in a long, smooth blood vessel?A) Turbulent flowB) Pulsatile flowC) Laminar flowD) Irregular flow
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10/07/2024
What happens to blood flow when the radius of a vessel decreases?A) It increases significantlyB) It decreases significantlyC) It remains unchangedD) I…
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10/07/2024
What factor increases the probability of turbulence in blood flow?A) Decreased vessel diameterB) Increased viscosity of the bloodC) Increased velocity…
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10/07/2024
What is the significance of Reynolds number (Re) in predicting turbulence?A) It relates to blood pressure onlyB) It determines blood viscosityC) It pr…
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10/07/2024
In a healthy human, where is turbulence most likely to occur?A) In large veinsB) In the aorta during systoleC) In the capillariesD) In the right atriu…
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10/07/2024
How does blood viscosity relate to the probability of creating turbulent flow?A) Directly proportionalB) Inversely proportionalC) IndependentD) Viscos…
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10/07/2024
What happens to total peripheral resistance (TPR) when blood vessel diameter increases?A) TPR increasesB) TPR decreasesC) TPR remains unchangedD) TPR …
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10/07/2024
What is the effect of turbulence on atherosclerotic plaques?A) Decreases plaque depositionB) Has no effect on plaquesC) Increases the likelihood of pl…
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10/07/2024
How does an increase in blood vessel length affect resistance?A) Resistance decreasesB) Resistance increasesC) Resistance remains unchangedD) Resistan…
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10/07/2024
If blood flow through a vessel doubles, what must occur to maintain the same pressure gradient?A) The resistance must increaseB) The resistance must d…
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10/07/2024
Which of the following conditions will likely lead to an increase in blood flow?A) Decreased pressure differenceB) Increased vessel diameterC) Increas…
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10/07/2024
How does an increase in hematocrit affect blood viscosity?A) It decreases viscosityB) It increases viscosityC) It has no effect on viscosityD) It caus…
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10/07/2024
What is the relationship between flow and the radius of the vessel according to Poiseuille’s law?A) Flow is directly proportional to the fourth power …
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10/07/2024
What is polycythemia?A) A condition characterized by low red blood cell countsB) An unregulated production of red blood cellsC) A temporary increase i…
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10/07/2024
What happens to blood viscosity in polycythemia?A) It decreasesB) It remains unchangedC) It increases significantlyD) It fluctuates randomly
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10/07/2024
In polycythemia, what effect does increased blood viscosity have on the heart?A) Decreases the workload of the heartB) Increases the workload of the h…
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10/07/2024
What is the primary consequence of marked anemia?A) Increased blood viscosityB) Decreased blood viscosityC) Increased peripheral resistanceD) Decrease…
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10/07/2024
What is the relationship between anemia and heart murmurs?A) Anemia causes a loud apical and mid precordial systolic murmurB) Anemia causes no change …
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10/07/2024
What is high-output heart failure?A) The heart is unable to pump blood efficiently despite a high cardiac outputB) The heart is pumping too slowlyC) T…
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10/07/2024
In response to decreased oxygen-carrying ability due to anemia, the body compensates by:A) Decreasing stroke volumeB) Activating the sympathetic nervo…
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10/07/2024
What does the Law of Laplace state about the tension in the wall of a blood vessel?A) Tension is inversely proportional to the radiusB) Tension is equ…
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10/07/2024
Which vessel type has the highest pressure?A) AortaB) CapillariesC) Vena CavaD) Small arteries
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10/07/2024
In dilated cardiomyopathy, what happens to the left ventricle?A) It decreases in sizeB) It becomes hypertrophied and thickenedC) It enlarges and thins…
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10/07/2024
What is the function of veins as capacitance vessels?A) They resist blood flowB) They act as blood reservoirsC) They supply oxygenated blood to the bo…
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10/07/2024
How does gravity affect arterial and venous pressure?A) It increases pressure in both arteries and veinsB) It has no effect on pressureC) It decreases…
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10/07/2024
In the upright position, what would be the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the ankle if the MAP at heart level is 100 mm Hg?A) 77 mm HgB) 62 mm HgC) 1…
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10/07/2024
What happens during the passive leg raising maneuver?A) Increases venous return to the heartB) Decreases venous return to the heartC) Has no effect on…
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10/07/2024
What is the relationship between cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and blood pressure (BP)?A) BP = CO / TPRB) BP = CO × TPRC) BP…
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10/07/2024
What clinical condition is characterized by high blood pressure due to both increased cardiac output and total peripheral resistance?A) HypertensionB)…
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10/07/2024
What is the primary equation that defines blood pressure (BP)?A) BP = Stroke Volume x Heart RateB) BP = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral ResistanceC)…
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10/07/2024
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect blood pressure?A) Heart RateB) Body TemperatureC) Stroke VolumeD) Vessel Diameter
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10/07/2024
What effect does vasoconstriction have on blood pressure?A) It decreases blood pressureB) It has no effect on blood pressureC) It increases blood pres…
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10/07/2024
How does the sympathetic nervous system primarily influence blood pressure?A) Decreases heart rate and causes vasodilationB) Increases heart rate and …
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10/07/2024
White coat hypertension is characterized by:A) High blood pressure during sleepB) Normal blood pressure at home but elevated in clinical settingsC) Co…
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10/07/2024
What role do baroreceptors play in blood pressure regulation?A) They release hormones to increase heart rateB) They detect stretch in vessel walls and…
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10/07/2024
In the context of Bernoulli’s principle, what happens to lateral pressure when fluid velocity increases?A) Lateral pressure increasesB) Lateral pressu…
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10/07/2024
What is the consequence of prolonged high blood pressure during nighttime (lack of nocturnal dipping)?A) Increased heart rateB) Increased risk of hear…
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10/07/2024
Essential hypertension is primarily linked to which of the following mechanisms?A) High sodium intakeB) RVLM activity leading to increased sympathetic…
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10/07/2024
What physiological effect is associated with increased baroreceptor activity?A) Increased heart rateB) VasodilationC) Increased blood volumeD) Increas…
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10/07/2024
In chronic hypertension, baroreceptors are “reset” to maintain which of the following?A) Normal blood pressureB) Elevated blood pressureC) Low blood p…
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10/07/2024
Why are non-hypertensive baroreceptors more sensitive than hypertensive baroreceptors?A) They have fewer receptors.B) They require less firing to main…
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10/07/2024
Which cranial nerves are involved in transmitting signals from baroreceptors to the brain?A) Optic and olfactory nervesB) Facial and trigeminal nerves…
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10/07/2024
What is the blood pressure category for a systolic reading of 145 mmHg and a diastolic reading of 92 mmHg?A) NormalB) ElevatedC) High BP Stage 1D) Hig…
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10/07/2024
What happens to blood pressure during the Valsalva maneuver when the glottis is closed?A) Blood pressure decreasesB) Blood pressure remains unchangedC…
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10/07/2024
During the Valsalva maneuver, what leads to a decrease in blood pressure upon release of the glottis?A) Increased venous returnB) Decreased intrathora…
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10/07/2024
Which condition can result from increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?A) Increased blood flow to the brainB) Bradycardia and hypertensionC) Tachycardi…
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10/07/2024
What is the main trigger for peripheral arterial chemoreceptors?A) Decreased blood volumeB) Increased heart rateC) Decreased PaO2 (hypoxia)D) Increase…
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10/07/2024
Which reflex is characterized by profound bradycardia and hypotension?A) Baroreceptor reflexB) Bezold-Jarisch reflexC) Valsalva reflexD) Respiratory r…
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10/07/2024
What compensatory mechanism occurs in response to arterial hypotension detected by baroreceptors?A) Decreased heart rateB) Reflex vasoconstrictionC) I…
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