Notes in 6 Hemodynamics, Vascular Distensibility, Blood Flow, Regulation

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Published 10/07/2024 What is the main function of vascular distensibility?A) To store oxygenB) To allow blood vessels to stretch in response to pressureC) To pump blood th…
Published 10/07/2024 Which of the following is TRUE about veins compared to arteries?A) Veins are less distensible than arteriesB) Veins cannot store bloodC) Veins are mor…
Published 10/07/2024 What does vascular compliance (capacitance) measure?A) The resistance of blood vessels to blood flowB) The ability of blood vessels to contractC) The …
Published 10/07/2024 . What happens to blood pressure when veins store more blood?A) Blood pressure rises significantlyB) Blood pressure drops immediatelyC) Blood pressure…
Published 10/07/2024 What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on arteries and veins?A) It decreases blood pressureB) It increases the vessels' complianceC) It causes …
Published 10/07/2024 What is the main purpose of delayed compliance (stress-relaxation) in blood vessels?A) To immediately lower blood pressureB) To allow vessels to gradu…
Published 10/07/2024 Pulse pressure depends on which two factors?A) Diastolic pressure and blood volumeB) Stroke volume and arterial complianceC) Systolic pressure and blo…
Published 10/07/2024 In aortic regurgitation, what happens to diastolic pressure?A) It stays the sameB) It increasesC) It decreases significantlyD) It fluctuates randomly
Published 10/07/2024 What causes the damping of pressure pulses as blood moves through smaller arteries and arterioles?A) Increased oxygen levelsB) Higher heart rateC) Res…
Published 10/07/2024 What determines blood flow through a blood vessel?A) Temperature and viscosityB) Pressure difference and vascular resistanceC) Diameter and length of …
Published 10/07/2024 In which direction does blood flow in relation to pressure?A) From low pressure to high pressureB) From high pressure to low pressureC) In any directi…
Published 10/07/2024 What is effective perfusion pressure?A) The pressure in the heart during systoleB) Mean arterial pressure minus mean venous pressureC) The pressure di…
Published 10/07/2024 How is resistance in a blood vessel calculated?A) By multiplying pressure by flowB) By dividing pressure by flowC) By adding pressure and flowD) By me…
Published 10/07/2024 What type of blood flow occurs in a long, smooth blood vessel?A) Turbulent flowB) Pulsatile flowC) Laminar flowD) Irregular flow
Published 10/07/2024 What happens to blood flow when the radius of a vessel decreases?A) It increases significantlyB) It decreases significantlyC) It remains unchangedD) I…
Published 10/07/2024 What factor increases the probability of turbulence in blood flow?A) Decreased vessel diameterB) Increased viscosity of the bloodC) Increased velocity…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the significance of Reynolds number (Re) in predicting turbulence?A) It relates to blood pressure onlyB) It determines blood viscosityC) It pr…
Published 10/07/2024 In a healthy human, where is turbulence most likely to occur?A) In large veinsB) In the aorta during systoleC) In the capillariesD) In the right atriu…
Published 10/07/2024 How does blood viscosity relate to the probability of creating turbulent flow?A) Directly proportionalB) Inversely proportionalC) IndependentD) Viscos…
Published 10/07/2024 What happens to total peripheral resistance (TPR) when blood vessel diameter increases?A) TPR increasesB) TPR decreasesC) TPR remains unchangedD) TPR …
Published 10/07/2024 What is the effect of turbulence on atherosclerotic plaques?A) Decreases plaque depositionB) Has no effect on plaquesC) Increases the likelihood of pl…
Published 10/07/2024 How does an increase in blood vessel length affect resistance?A) Resistance decreasesB) Resistance increasesC) Resistance remains unchangedD) Resistan…
Published 10/07/2024 If blood flow through a vessel doubles, what must occur to maintain the same pressure gradient?A) The resistance must increaseB) The resistance must d…
Published 10/07/2024 Which of the following conditions will likely lead to an increase in blood flow?A) Decreased pressure differenceB) Increased vessel diameterC) Increas…
Published 10/07/2024 How does an increase in hematocrit affect blood viscosity?A) It decreases viscosityB) It increases viscosityC) It has no effect on viscosityD) It caus…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the relationship between flow and the radius of the vessel according to Poiseuille’s law?A) Flow is directly proportional to the fourth power …
Published 10/07/2024 What is polycythemia?A) A condition characterized by low red blood cell countsB) An unregulated production of red blood cellsC) A temporary increase i…
Published 10/07/2024 What happens to blood viscosity in polycythemia?A) It decreasesB) It remains unchangedC) It increases significantlyD) It fluctuates randomly
Published 10/07/2024 In polycythemia, what effect does increased blood viscosity have on the heart?A) Decreases the workload of the heartB) Increases the workload of the h…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the primary consequence of marked anemia?A) Increased blood viscosityB) Decreased blood viscosityC) Increased peripheral resistanceD) Decrease…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the relationship between anemia and heart murmurs?A) Anemia causes a loud apical and mid precordial systolic murmurB) Anemia causes no change …
Published 10/07/2024 What is high-output heart failure?A) The heart is unable to pump blood efficiently despite a high cardiac outputB) The heart is pumping too slowlyC) T…
Published 10/07/2024 In response to decreased oxygen-carrying ability due to anemia, the body compensates by:A) Decreasing stroke volumeB) Activating the sympathetic nervo…
Published 10/07/2024 What does the Law of Laplace state about the tension in the wall of a blood vessel?A) Tension is inversely proportional to the radiusB) Tension is equ…
Published 10/07/2024 Which vessel type has the highest pressure?A) AortaB) CapillariesC) Vena CavaD) Small arteries
Published 10/07/2024 In dilated cardiomyopathy, what happens to the left ventricle?A) It decreases in sizeB) It becomes hypertrophied and thickenedC) It enlarges and thins…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the function of veins as capacitance vessels?A) They resist blood flowB) They act as blood reservoirsC) They supply oxygenated blood to the bo…
Published 10/07/2024 How does gravity affect arterial and venous pressure?A) It increases pressure in both arteries and veinsB) It has no effect on pressureC) It decreases…
Published 10/07/2024 In the upright position, what would be the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the ankle if the MAP at heart level is 100 mm Hg?A) 77 mm HgB) 62 mm HgC) 1…
Published 10/07/2024 What happens during the passive leg raising maneuver?A) Increases venous return to the heartB) Decreases venous return to the heartC) Has no effect on…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the relationship between cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and blood pressure (BP)?A) BP = CO / TPRB) BP = CO × TPRC) BP…
Published 10/07/2024 What clinical condition is characterized by high blood pressure due to both increased cardiac output and total peripheral resistance?A) HypertensionB)…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the primary equation that defines blood pressure (BP)?A) BP = Stroke Volume x Heart RateB) BP = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral ResistanceC)…
Published 10/07/2024 Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect blood pressure?A) Heart RateB) Body TemperatureC) Stroke VolumeD) Vessel Diameter
Published 10/07/2024 What effect does vasoconstriction have on blood pressure?A) It decreases blood pressureB) It has no effect on blood pressureC) It increases blood pres…
Published 10/07/2024 How does the sympathetic nervous system primarily influence blood pressure?A) Decreases heart rate and causes vasodilationB) Increases heart rate and …
Published 10/07/2024 White coat hypertension is characterized by:A) High blood pressure during sleepB) Normal blood pressure at home but elevated in clinical settingsC) Co…
Published 10/07/2024 What role do baroreceptors play in blood pressure regulation?A) They release hormones to increase heart rateB) They detect stretch in vessel walls and…
Published 10/07/2024 In the context of Bernoulli’s principle, what happens to lateral pressure when fluid velocity increases?A) Lateral pressure increasesB) Lateral pressu…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the consequence of prolonged high blood pressure during nighttime (lack of nocturnal dipping)?A) Increased heart rateB) Increased risk of hear…
Published 10/07/2024 Essential hypertension is primarily linked to which of the following mechanisms?A) High sodium intakeB) RVLM activity leading to increased sympathetic…
Published 10/07/2024 What physiological effect is associated with increased baroreceptor activity?A) Increased heart rateB) VasodilationC) Increased blood volumeD) Increas…
Published 10/07/2024 In chronic hypertension, baroreceptors are “reset” to maintain which of the following?A) Normal blood pressureB) Elevated blood pressureC) Low blood p…
Published 10/07/2024 Why are non-hypertensive baroreceptors more sensitive than hypertensive baroreceptors?A) They have fewer receptors.B) They require less firing to main…
Published 10/07/2024 Which cranial nerves are involved in transmitting signals from baroreceptors to the brain?A) Optic and olfactory nervesB) Facial and trigeminal nerves…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the blood pressure category for a systolic reading of 145 mmHg and a diastolic reading of 92 mmHg?A) NormalB) ElevatedC) High BP Stage 1D) Hig…
Published 10/07/2024 What happens to blood pressure during the Valsalva maneuver when the glottis is closed?A) Blood pressure decreasesB) Blood pressure remains unchangedC…
Published 10/07/2024 During the Valsalva maneuver, what leads to a decrease in blood pressure upon release of the glottis?A) Increased venous returnB) Decreased intrathora…
Published 10/07/2024 Which condition can result from increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?A) Increased blood flow to the brainB) Bradycardia and hypertensionC) Tachycardi…
Published 10/07/2024 What is the main trigger for peripheral arterial chemoreceptors?A) Decreased blood volumeB) Increased heart rateC) Decreased PaO2 (hypoxia)D) Increase…
Published 10/07/2024 Which reflex is characterized by profound bradycardia and hypotension?A) Baroreceptor reflexB) Bezold-Jarisch reflexC) Valsalva reflexD) Respiratory r…
Published 10/07/2024 What compensatory mechanism occurs in response to arterial hypotension detected by baroreceptors?A) Decreased heart rateB) Reflex vasoconstrictionC) I…
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