Notes in Week 1

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/19/2024	The subjective portion of a SOAP note can be organized in the following way:{{c1::Chief complaint}}{{c1::HPI}}{{c1::Allergies}}{{c1::Meds}}{{c1::PMH}}…
Published	09/19/2024	There are 4 types of allergies: {{c1::medication}}, {{c1::food}}, {{c1::contact}}, and {{c1::environment}}
Published	09/19/2024	Associated symptoms are {{c1::pertinent positive and negative symptoms that help characterize the chief complaint::definition}}
Published	09/19/2024	ROS consists of 16 systems:{{c1::General}}{{c1::Head}}{{c1::Eyes}}{{c1::Ears}}{{c1::Nose}}{{c1::Throat}}{{c1::Neck}}{{c1::Cardio}}{{c1::Respiratory}}{…
Published	09/19/2024	In an ROS each system should have 2-3 questions; {{c1::1 open-ended and 2 close-ended}} to elicit {{c1::2}} symptoms
Published	09/19/2024	When asking about medication you need to document: {{c1::Name}}{{c1::Dosage}}{{c1::Route of administration}}{{c1::Frequency}}{{c1::Indication}}{{…
Published	09/19/2024	When asking a patient about medications you must also ask about {{c1::supplements}}
Published	09/19/2024	Past medical history (PMH) includes:{{c1::Chronic or childhood illnesses}}{{c1::Past hospitalizations}}{{c1::Immunizations}}{{c1::Screening tests}}
Published	09/19/2024	Family history includes {{c1::3 generations}} for annual visits and {{c1::2 generations}} for problem vists
Published	09/19/2024	Social history includes (7):{{c1::Tobacco use}}{{c1::Alcohol use}}{{c1::Illicit drug use}}{{c1::Diet}}{{c1::Caffeine}}{{c1::Exercise}}{{c1::Home life}…
Published	09/19/2024	Chief complaint is {{c1::the patient's stated reason for visiting}}
Published	09/19/2024	Past surgical history includes:Procedures done {{c1::under general or spinal anesthesia::specific qualifications}}What to document:{{c1::Reasoning}}{{…
Published	09/19/2024	OPQRST is used to dive deeper into a patient's complaintO - {{c1::Onset::1}}P - {{c2::Provoking, palliating, prior episodes::3}}Q - {{c3::Quality (des…
Published	09/19/2024	If "annual wellness" is the chief complaint there are 4 things you need to initially document:{{c1::date of last physical, last screening tests (and r…
Published	09/19/2024	When entering a room introduce yourself and ask the patient for the following:{{c1::Name}}, {{c1::age}}, {{c1::preferred pronouns}}, {{c1::assigned se…
Published	09/19/2024	Medication intolerance is an adverse reaction that {{c1::is not life threatening}}
Published	09/19/2024	Mechanorecptors sense {{c1::touch}}
Published	09/19/2024	Nocioceptors sense {{c1::pain}}
Published	09/19/2024	Thermoreceptors sense {{c1::temperature}}
Published	09/19/2024	Proprioceptors sense {{c1::your body's position in space}}
Published	09/19/2024	Sensory adaptation is when {{c1::nerve impulses decrease after a stimulus has been applied for a long time}}
Published	09/19/2024	In sensation, a threshold is the {{c1::minimum level of sensation needed to create an action potential}}
Published	09/19/2024	The {{c2::dorsal columnar medial lemniscal}} pathway sends sensory information from {{c1::periphreal nerves}}, through {{c1::the spinal cord}}, to {{c…
Published	09/19/2024	The 4 tenets of osteopathic philosophy:{{c1::The person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit}}{{c1::The body is capable of healing and regulating itsel…
Published	09/19/2024	DNA helices have a {{c1::major}} and {{c1::minor}} groove. This allows for {{c2::more specificity in binding transcription factors and regul…
Published	09/19/2024	Purines: {{c1::Adenine & Guanine}}Pyrimidines: {{c1::Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil}}
Published	09/19/2024	DNA is organized in the nucleus by wrapping around {{c1::histones}} to create {{c1::nucleosomes}} allowing compact storage.
Published	09/19/2024	Heterochromatin is {{c1::more}} compact and {{c1::less}} transcriptionally active. This is caused by {{c2::methyl}}lation
Published	09/19/2024	Euchromatin is {{c1::less}} compact and {{c1::more}} transcriptionally active. This is caused by {{c2::acetyl}}ation.
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Ribosomal::"r"}} RNA is carries out protein synthesis by {{c2::reading nucleotide sequences and bonding corresponding amino acids}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Transfer::"t"}} RNA is carries out protein synthesis by {{c2::carrying amino acids into the ribosome}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Messenger::"m"}} RNA is carries out protein synthesis by {{c2::carrying the genetic code to be interpreted within the ribosome}}
Published	09/19/2024	Prokaryotic mRNA is {{c1::polycistronic}} (it can code for more than one gene)
Published	09/19/2024	Eukaryotic mRNA is {{c1::monocistronic}} (it can only code for one gene)
Published	09/19/2024	There are 3 steps to prokaryotic transcription:{{c1::Initiation}}{{c1::Elongation}}{{c1::Termination}}
Published	09/19/2024	Initiation of prokaryotic transcription begins when {{c1::RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence in template DNA}}
Published	09/19/2024	The elongation phase of prokaryotic transcription occurs when {{c1::the sigma subunit dissociates from RNA polymerase and the template strand gro…
Published	09/19/2024	The termination of prokaryotic transcription can occur 2 ways:{{c1::spontaneous binding of the RNA causes it to make a loop and cleave itself::G-C ric…
Published	09/19/2024	Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic RNA undergoes {{c1::lots of post transcriptional modification}}
Published	09/19/2024	Genetic mutations often occur due to {{c1::incorrect splicing}} of DNA
Published	09/19/2024	Introns are {{c1::non-coding}} regions of DNA
Published	09/19/2024	Eukaryotic transcription involves {{c1::transcription factors}} which affect the ease of transcription within a DNA strand
Published	09/19/2024	Ka is the {{c1::dissociation constant of an acid}}
Published	09/19/2024	A strong acid will have a {{c2::lower}} pKa because {{c1::it dissociates into H+ and A- relatively easily}}
Published	09/19/2024	Most drugs are weak acids/bases because {{c1::Uncharged molecules can pass through membranes more easily}}
Published	09/19/2024	Proteins are created when {{c1::amino acids::what}} are linked through {{c1::peptide bonds::how}}
Published	09/19/2024	Primary protein structure: {{c1::the order of amino acids}}
Published	09/19/2024	Secondary protein structure: {{c1::organization of small proteins}}Ex: {{c2::alpha helices and beta sheets}}
Published	09/19/2024	Tertiary protein structure: {{c1::3D shape of a protein}}
Published	09/19/2024	Quaternary protein structure: {{c1::interaction between protein subunits}}
Published	09/19/2024	Examples of interactions that influence protein structure (and therefore function):{{c1::Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic/philic, ionic bond, disulfide bon…
Published	09/19/2024	Protein denaturation: {{c1::Loss of structural integrity causing loss of function}}
Published	09/19/2024	Denaturation can be caused by: {{c1::temperature, pH extremes, organic solvents, disrupting non-covalent bonds, etc:: 4 examples listed, give at …
Published	09/19/2024	Kd (the dissociation constant) defines {{c1::the ligand concentration when 50% of binding sites are full.}}
Published	09/19/2024	The genetic code is redundant because {{c1::multiple 3 letter codons can code for the same amino acid}}
Published	09/19/2024	Eukaryotic translation is initiated when {{c1::the 40S subunit and initiation factors bind at the 5' cap}} and begin scanning for the start codon.When…
Published	09/19/2024	Antibiotics basically work by {{c1::disrupting different parts of translation}}
Published	09/19/2024	Ribosomes can {{c1::float freely in the cytosol}} or {{c2::produce proteins directly into the ER membrane for processing}}
Published	09/19/2024	Proteins can be degraded through {{c1::autophagy (destroyed with lysosomes)}} or the {{c1::ubiquitin proteasome system (destroyed using multiple enzym…
Published	09/19/2024	Homeostasis is a {{c1::defined window of stability for an internal environment}}
Published	09/19/2024	Homeostasis is maintained through {{c1::feedback control systems}}
Published	09/19/2024	A negative feedback loop is when {{c1::a stimulus causes an antagonistic response to return to baseline}}
Published	09/19/2024	A positive feedback loop is when {{c1::the introduction of a stimulus continues to compound on itself unless acted on by an outside force}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Autocrine}} signaling is faster than {{c1::paracrine}} signaling which is faster than {{c1::endocrine}} signaling
Published	09/19/2024	Equilibrium is when there is {{c1::no net change over time with low energy input}}
Published	09/19/2024	A steady state is when there is {{c1::no net change over time due to the consistent input of energy}}
Published	09/19/2024	Intracellular fluid composes {{c1::66%::%}} of body volume
Published	09/19/2024	Extracellular fluid composes {{c1::34%::%}} of body volume and is composed of {{c1::interstital fluid}} and {{c1::vascular fluid (plasma)}}
Published	09/19/2024	Cannon's postulates are:{{c1::The nervous system works to preserve conditions that are compatible with normal function}}{{c1::Many systems maintain a …
Published	09/19/2024	In refrence to genetics, {{c2::locus}} refers to {{c1::a specific chromosomal location}}
Published	09/19/2024	An {{c1::allele}} is {{c2::an alternative form of expression of a gene}}
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c2::genotype}} is {{c1::an allele combination at a given locus}}
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c2::haplotype}} is {{c1::the combination of alleles on the same chromosome}}
Published	09/19/2024	Gene {{c1::polymorphism}} is the {{c2::presence of a common mutation among a population}}
Published	09/19/2024	A {{c2::gene mutation}} is {{c1::a unique difference in DNA sequencing among the population}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c2::Allele frequency}} is the {{c1::frequency of a specific allele within a population}}.
Published	09/19/2024	Minor allele frequency is {{c1::the frequency of the least abundant allele within a population}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Germline}} variation/mutations are present in gametes and therefore every cell of the developed organism, this means they are {{c2::heritable}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Somatic}} variation/mutations are present in some of the body's cells, this means they are {{c2::not heritable (because the mutations aren't pre…
Published	09/19/2024	Genetic variation occurs in 4 primary parts of cellular processes:{{c1::DNA replication}}{{c1::DNA repair}}{{c1::DNA recombination}} (chromosomes comi…
Published	09/19/2024	Mosaicism is {{c1::the presence of cells with different genotypes in the same body}}
Published	09/19/2024	If "X" is the allele of interest, allele frequency can be calculated by:{{c1::amount of X in a population / total alleles in the population}}
Published	09/19/2024	In genetics, the odds ratio for a given disease can be calculated by:{{c1::odds of disease when given allele is present / odds of disease when given a…
Published	09/19/2024	There are 4 main coding variations in DNA{{c1::Silent}}: {{c2::Codes for the same amino acid}}{{c1::Missense}}: {{c2::Codes for a different amino acid…
Published	09/19/2024	2 examples of non-coding variations in genetics are {{c1::splicing abnormalities}} and {{c1::point mutations in an enhancer/promoter regions}}
Published	09/19/2024	Loss of function mutations are (almost always) {{c1::recessive::dominant/recessive}} and can be caused by most types of variation
Published	09/19/2024	Gain of function mutations are less common, but are usually caused by {{c1::regulatory and missense::type}} mutations and are {{c1::dominant…
Published	09/19/2024	Haploinsufficiency happens when {{c1::a loss of function allele prevents the protein from being active/expressed}}
Published	09/19/2024	Monogenic is defined as {{c1::one variant/gene having a large effect}}, polygenic is defined as {{c1::many genes/small variants having a large effect}…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Poly}}genic diseases are more influenced by environmental factors and more common
Published	09/19/2024	Telomeres are {{c1::Extra DNA on the end of chromosomes::what/where}} that act to protect them {{c1::from degradation/fusing with other chromosom…
Published	09/19/2024	Centromeres are a crucial part of {{c1::the chromosome::where}} that {{c1::combine sister chromatids and bind to the mitotic spindle::2 functions}}
Published	09/19/2024	The short arm of the chromosome: {{c1::p::letter}}The long arm of the chromosome: {{c1::q::letter}}
Published	09/19/2024	After staining, chromosomes are divided into 3 parts:{{c1::Arm}}, {{c1::Region}}, and {{c1::Band}}
Published	09/19/2024	Chromosome number is universal and determined by {{c1::the relative size of each chromosome}}
Published	09/19/2024	This photo is called a {{c1::karyotype}}
Published	09/19/2024	Chromosomal disorders happen when {{c1::there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in an individual}}. The normal number of chromosomes for a hum…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c11::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6611:top=.1307:width=.09:height=.0337:oi=1}}{{c4::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6832:top=.0163:width=.0652:height=.0317…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.596:top=.3624:width=.0771:height=.0645:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6221:top=.4373:width=.0692:height=.0575…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2083:top=.1645:width=.0949:height=.0779:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4494:top=.1605:width=.0974:height=.075…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0728:top=.013:width=.0928:height=.0548:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4631:top=.0636:width=.1023:height=.0696…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c5::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7743:top=.5112:width=.2098:height=.0467:oi=1}}{{c6::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7426:top=.5892:width=.2545:height=.116…
Published	09/19/2024	Trapezius (superior, middle, and inferior)Attatches: {{c1::external occiptal protuberance, T1-4, T5-12:: 3 points}}Inserts: {{c1::spine of scapula}}In…
Published	09/19/2024	Latissimus Dorsi (Lat)Attatches: {{c1::mid thoracic spine (T7ish) to thoracolumbar fascia}}Inserts: {{c1::lateral intertubercular groove (of humerus)}…
Published	09/19/2024	Levator ScapulaeAttatches: {{c1::transverse processes C1-4}}Inserts: {{c1::medial superior scapula border}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal scapular n.}}Ac…
Published	09/19/2024	Rhomboid MajorAttatches: {{c1::medial border, inferior scapular spine}}Inserts: {{c1::T2-5}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal scapular n.}}Action: {{c2::sca…
Published	09/19/2024	Rhomboid MinorAttatches: {{c1::medial border by the scapular spine}}Inserts: {{c1::C7-T1}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal scapular n.}}Action: {{c2::scapu…
Published	09/19/2024	Serratus Posterior (inferior, superior)Attatches: {{c1::T10-L4, C7-T2}}Inserts: {{c1::Ribs 9-12, Ribs 1-4}}Innervated by: {{c1::ventral ramii}}Action:…
Published	09/19/2024	Serratus AnteriorAttatches: {{c1::Anterior medial scapula border}}Inserts: {{c1::Ribs 1-9}}Innervated by: {{c1::long thoracic n}}Action: {{c2::scap pr…
Published	09/19/2024	Teres MajorAttatches: {{c1::inferior medial scapula border}}Inserts: {{c1::intertubercular groove}}Innervated by: {{c1::lower subscap n}}Action: {{c2:…
Published	09/19/2024	Teres MinorAttatches: {{c1::infraspinous fossa}}Inserts: {{c1::greater tubercle of humerus}}Innervated by: {{c1::axillary n}}Action: {{c2::lateral rot…
Published	09/19/2024	SubscapularisAttatches: {{c1::subscapular fossa}}Inserts: {{c1::lesser tubercle of humerus}}Innervated by: {{c1::upper/lower subscapular n}}Action: {{…
Published	09/19/2024	SupraspinatusAttatches: {{c1::supraspinous fossa}}Inserts: {{c1::greater tubercle of humerus}}Innervated by: {{c1::suprascapular n}}Action: {{c2::init…
Published	09/19/2024	InfraspinatusAttatches: {{c1::infraspinous fossa}}Inserts: {{c1::greater tubercle of humerus}}Innervated by: {{c1::suprascapular n}}Action: {{c2::late…
Published	09/19/2024	DeltoidAttatches: {{c1::lateral scapular spine, acromion, lateral clavicle::3}}Inserts: {{c1::deltoid tuberosity (humerus)}}Innervated by: {{c1::axill…
Published	09/19/2024	Scapular blood supply is an {{c1::anastamoses}} allowing for {{c1::variable blood supply}}
Published	09/19/2024	Scapular blood supply comes from an anastamoses of 3 main arteries: {{c1::suprascapular, circumflex scapular, & dorsal scapular}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.579:top=.0216:width=.2408:height=.0795:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5851:top=.1375:width=.1104:height=.0861…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=-0.0008:top=.1874:width=.0844:height=.106:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4149:top=.6607:width=.1871:height=.15…
Published	09/19/2024	IlocostalisAttatches: {{c1::illium/sacrum}}Inserts: {{c1::superior ribs, transverse C spine}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal rami}}Action: {{c2::lateral s…
Published	09/19/2024	LongissimusAttatches: {{c1::thoracolumbar fascia}}Inserts: {{c1::superior ribs, transverse C spine, mastoid process::3}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal ra…
Published	09/19/2024	SpinalisAttatches: {{c1::spinous process inferior T-L spine}}Inserts: {{c1::spinous process of C spine & superior T spine}}Innervated by: {{c1::do…
Published	09/19/2024	SemispinalisAttatches: {{c1::transverse process inferior T spine}}Inserts: {{c1::spinous process of C spine & superior T spine}}Innervated by: {{c…
Published	09/19/2024	MultifudusAttatches: {{c1::transverse process inferior T & L spine}}Inserts: {{c1::spinous process of T spine}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal rami}}A…
Published	09/19/2024	Splenius CapitisAttatches: {{c1::spinous process inferior C spine & superior T spine}}Inserts: {{c1::superior nuchal line, mastoid process}}Innerv…
Published	09/19/2024	Splenius CervicisAttatches: {{c1::spinous process inferior C spine & superior T spine}}Inserts: {{c1::transverse process C spine}}Innervated by: {…
Published	09/19/2024	RotatoresAttatches: {{c1::transverse process of the inferior vertebrae}}Inserts: {{c1::spinous process of the superior vertebrae}}Innervated by: {{c1:…
Published	09/19/2024	InterspinalesAttatches: {{c1::spinous process of the inferior vertebrae}}Inserts: {{c1::spinous process of the superior vertebrae}}Innervated by: {{c1…
Published	09/19/2024	IntertransversariiAttatches: {{c1::transverse process of the inferior vertebrae}}Inserts: {{c1::transverse process of the superior vertebrae}}Innervat…
Published	09/19/2024	Levatores CostarumAttatches: {{c1::transverse process of vertebrae}}Inserts: {{c1::ribs}}Innervated by: {{c1::dorsal rami}}Action: {{c2::rib & T s…
Published	09/19/2024	Rectus Capitis Posterior MinorAttatches: {{c1::posterior tubercle of C1}}Inserts: {{c1::inferior nuchal line}}Innervated by: {{c1::suboccipital n}}Act…
Published	09/19/2024	Rectus Capitis Posterior MajorAttatches: {{c1::spinous process C2}}Inserts: {{c1::inferior nuchal line}}Innervated by: {{c1::suboccipital n}}Action: {…
Published	09/19/2024	Obliquus Capitis InferiorAttatches: {{c1::spinous process C2}}Inserts: {{c1::transverse process C1}}Innervated by: {{c1::suboccipital n}}Action: {{c2:…
Published	09/19/2024	Obliquus Capitis SuperiorAttatches: {{c1::transverse process C1}}Inserts: {{c1::inferior nuchal line}}Innervated by: {{c1::suboccipital n}}Action: {{c…
Published	09/19/2024	The borders of the axilla are:Superior: {{c1::Inferior 1st rib}}Inferior: {{c1::Posterior axillary fold}}Anterior: {{c1::Pec major/minor}}Posterior: {…
Status	Last Update	Fields