Notes in Pharmacology I::Week 9 - Pain Medication

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Published	03/04/2025	is pain subjective or objective?
Published	03/04/2025	why is pain often inadequately or inappropriately treated?
Published	03/04/2025	what is used to assess pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what is the weakness of using pain scales?
Published	03/04/2025	define noxious stimulus
Published	03/04/2025	what does the noxious stimulus trigger?
Published	03/04/2025	define nociceptor
Published	03/04/2025	how is nociceptor activated?
Published	03/04/2025	define nociception
Published	03/04/2025	compare and contrast hyperalgesia and analgesia
Published	03/04/2025	what is substance P?
Published	03/04/2025	what is prostaglandins?
Published	03/04/2025	what are the types of pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what is nociceptive pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what is the most common type of pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what are two types of nociceptive pain?
Published	03/04/2025	pathophysiology of somatic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	how is somatic pain often described as?
Published	03/04/2025	pathophysiology of visceral pain?
Published	03/04/2025	how is visceral pain different from somatic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	how is visceral pain described as?
Published	03/04/2025	what is non-nociceptive pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what are the types of non-nociceptive pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what is neuropathic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	how is neuropathic pain described as?
Published	03/04/2025	what is sympathetic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what are the 4 steps in the process of nociception pain?
Published	03/04/2025	how is nociceptive pain usually treated with?
Published	03/04/2025	where does non-nociceptive pain arise from?
Published	03/04/2025	what is non-nociceptive pain usually treated with?
Published	03/04/2025	what is acute pain?
Published	03/04/2025	causes of acute pain?
Published	03/04/2025	signs and symptoms of acute pain
Published	03/04/2025	what happens if acute pain is left untreated?
Published	03/04/2025	what is chronic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	signs and symptoms of chronic pain
Published	03/04/2025	what is often associated with chronic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what is cancer pain?
Published	03/04/2025	etiologies of cancer pain
Published	03/04/2025	what types of pain can cancer pain be?
Published	03/04/2025	treatment of acute pain
Published	03/04/2025	treatment of chronic pain?
Published	03/04/2025	treatment of cancer pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what are non-pharmacologic therapy options for pain?
Published	03/04/2025	what are pharmacologic therapy options for pain
Published	03/04/2025	what are NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	what is used as first line therapy for mild-to-moderate pain and is useful in cancer related bone pain?
Published	03/04/2025	MOA of NSAIDS
Published	03/04/2025	ADR of all NSAID agents?
Published	03/04/2025	C/I of NSAIDs
Published	03/04/2025	MOA of non-selective NSAIDS
Published	03/04/2025	BBW for all NSAIDS
Published	03/04/2025	what drugs are classified as non-selective NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	ADR of indomethacin?
Published	03/04/2025	what is unique about indomethacin in regards to neonates?
Published	03/04/2025	What is available as combination with Naproxen and why is that so?
Published	03/04/2025	what formulations does ketorolac come in?
Published	03/04/2025	BBW for ketorolac
Published	03/04/2025	warning for ketorolac
Published	03/04/2025	MOA of COX-2 selective NSAIDS
Published	03/04/2025	what are the effects of COX-2 selective NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	what is COX-2 selective NSAIDS effective for?
Published	03/04/2025	what drugs are classified as COX-2 selective NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	C/I to celebrex?
Published	03/04/2025	what drug has the highest COX-2 selectivity?
Published	03/04/2025	what formulations does voltaren come in?
Published	03/04/2025	what should patients be cautious of when using voltaren patches?
Published	03/04/2025	what are dosing considerations for NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	MOA of salicylate NSAIDS
Published	03/04/2025	how does salicylate NSAIDS provide cardiovascular benefit?
Published	03/04/2025	what drugs are classified as salicylate NSAIDS?
Published	03/04/2025	dosing difference of aspirin for cardio protection versus analgesic dosing?
Published	03/04/2025	warning of aspirin
Published	03/04/2025	ADR of aspirin
Published	03/04/2025	what are drug interactions of NSAIDS to be cautious of?
Published	03/04/2025	what is the exception to using multiple NSAIDS together
Published	03/04/2025	what is acetaminophen?
Published	03/04/2025	MOA of acetaminophen
Published	03/04/2025	what is the first line therapy for just mild-moderate pain and reducing fever?
Published	03/04/2025	what is acetaminophen used in combination with sometimes?
Published	03/04/2025	BBW of acetaminophen
Published	03/04/2025	ADR of acetaminophen
Published	03/04/2025	max dose of acetaminophen
Published	03/05/2025	T/F? -- Opioid ADRs vary based on the type of receptor they are acting on
Published	03/05/2025	What are some CNS side effects when taking opioids? (6)
Published	03/05/2025	What are some GI tract side effects when taking opioids?
Published	03/05/2025	T/F - Patients can develop tolerance to constipation and miosis side effects when taking opioids
Published	03/05/2025	Precautions when taking opioids
Published	03/05/2025	List the opioids from least potent to most potent
Published	03/05/2025	A side effect of opioids can be {{c1::itching}} which is observed due to the degree of {{c1::histamine release}} from cutaneous {{c1::mast cells.&nbsp…
Published	03/05/2025	When prescribing opioids, you should ALWAYS start at the {{c1::lowest dose}} possible and {{c1::titrate up}} from there. You should also escalate or d…
Published	03/05/2025	Opioids are derived from {{c1::opium or synthetically created}} to mimic its effects.
Published	03/05/2025	In general, opioids are used for acute and chronic {{c1::pain management}} but also {{c1::cough and diarrhea}}.
Published	03/05/2025	Opioids are {{c1::mu receptor}} agonists within the {{c1::CNS.}}
Published	03/05/2025	Opioid BBW -- Opioids can cause {{c1::respiratory depression}} which is fatal
Published	03/05/2025	{{c1::Crushing, dissolving, or chewing}} the long-acting product of opioids can deliver an even more fatal dose
Published	03/05/2025	Life-threatening neonatal opioid {{c1::withdrawal}} can occur with prolonged use during {{c1::delivery. }}
Published	03/05/2025	BBW of codeine
Published	03/05/2025	Fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic) BBWs
Published	03/05/2025	Fentanyl ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	Fentanyl patch ADR
Published	03/05/2025	How should fentanyl and buprenorphine patches be disposed?
Published	03/05/2025	Buprenorphine BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Buprenorphine Warnings
Published	03/05/2025	Buprenorphine ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	Hydrocodone IR BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Hydrocodone IR Warnings
Published	03/05/2025	Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	Hydromorphone is commonly used in:
Published	03/05/2025	What is a clinical concern for pts who are using hydromorphone?
Published	03/05/2025	Methadone BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Methadone Warning (2)
Published	03/05/2025	What is a clinical concern regarding the use of methadone?
Published	03/05/2025	Methadone is a major {{c1::CYP 3A4}} substrate
Published	03/05/2025	Meperidine (Demerol) is used off-label for
Published	03/05/2025	Meperidine (Demerol) Warning
Published	03/05/2025	Merperidine ADR
Published	03/05/2025	Morphine BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Morphine ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	If a pt is taking morphine what can you give them to help with pruritus?
Published	03/05/2025	Oxycodone BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Oxycodone ADR
Published	03/05/2025	Tramadol BBW
Published	03/05/2025	Tramadol (Ultram) Warning
Published	03/05/2025	C/Is of Tramadol (Ultram)
Published	03/13/2025	Tramadol (Ultram) ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	What are some drug interactions to consider when taking tramadol?
Published	03/05/2025	Which opioids are CYP3A-4 substrates and what should pts taking these meds avoid?
Published	03/05/2025	What should pts avoid when taking ANY opioid?
Published	03/05/2025	A true opioid allergy is {{c1::rare.}} Complaints of {{c1::itch or rash}} are not a true allergic reaction. Real symptoms of an opioid allergy include…
Published	03/05/2025	What are the 5 strategies to prevent overdose death?
Published	03/05/2025	What is the PDMP?
Published	03/05/2025	OxyContin and Hystingla ER opioids are manufactured with specific technology designed to deter {{c1::crushing, dissolving}}, or other modifications.&n…
Published	03/05/2025	Suboxone is formulated with {{c1::naloxone}} to help mitigate abuse and misuse.
Published	03/05/2025	Accidental opioid overdose risk factors
Published	03/05/2025	Give {{c1::naloxone}} if an overdose is suspected. If the individual is not breathing or struggling to breathe, perform {{c2::life support}} measures.…
Published	03/05/2025	What should you monitor for after administering naloxone?
Published	03/05/2025	Naloxone ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	Opioid induced constipation
Published	03/05/2025	What is the order of tx options for OIC?
Published	03/05/2025	List stimulant options to tx OIC
Published	03/05/2025	What is the osmotic laxative option to treat OIC?
Published	03/05/2025	You can give stimulant or osmotic laxatives with or without a {{c1::stool softener}}, such as {{c1::docusate}}
Published	03/05/2025	T/F? -- PAMORAs should only be given to treat OIC if laxatives don't work
Published	03/05/2025	What is the MOA for PAMORAs?
Published	03/05/2025	How does PAMORAs maintain opioid analgesia?
Published	03/05/2025	PAMORAs are only effective when constipation is {{c1::secondary}} to use of an opiod. In other words, it will NOT work to treat non-opioid constipatio…
Published	03/05/2025	Name the 3 PAMORAs discussed in lecture
Published	03/05/2025	PAMORA contraindications?
Published	03/05/2025	PAMORA drug warnings
Published	03/05/2025	PAMORA drug ADRs
Published	03/05/2025	Lubiprostone (Amitiza) MOA?
Published	03/06/2025	what are common ADRs to opioids?
Published	03/06/2025	why does nausea/vomiting occur as a side effect to opioids?
Published	03/06/2025	when does sedation often occur for patient taking opioids?
Published	03/06/2025	management for nausea/vomiting when taking opioids
Published	03/06/2025	management for itching when taking opioids
Published	03/06/2025	management for constipation when taking opioids (bowel regimen)
Published	03/06/2025	management for sedation when taking opioids
Published	03/06/2025	what opioid agents are associated with more histamine release?
Published	03/06/2025	what opioid agents are associated with less histamine release?
Published	03/06/2025	risk factors for opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD)
Published	03/06/2025	what is opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD)?
Published	03/06/2025	how is OIRD (opioid induced respiratory depression) reversed?
Published	03/06/2025	what is patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
Published	03/06/2025	what are some regulations to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
Published	03/06/2025	what opioids are commonly used in PCA?
Published	03/06/2025	how are opioids administered to the spinal cord?
Published	03/06/2025	what symptoms are closely monitored when opioids are infused into the spinal or epidural space?
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Published	03/08/2025	For opioid naive patients you should: (3)
Published	03/08/2025	Always keep in mind the {{c1::pharmacokinetics}} when Rx-ing opioids because some opioids are {{c1::renally or hepatically}} metabolized.
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Published	03/08/2025	You should switch a patient's opioid prescription if: (3)
Published	03/08/2025	Equinalgesic dosing
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