Notes in Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Development

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Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Myeloid progenitors}} can differentiate into {{c2::erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, or myeloblasts}}, which can then become immune cells like {{c3:…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Lymphoid progenitors}} can develop into {{c2::lymphoblasts}}, which can then differentiate into {{c3::T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, or natural k…
Published	01/10/2024	Hematopoietic stem cells can become {{c1::lymphoid progenitors}} or {{c1::myeloid progenitors.}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::GM-CSF}} stimulates {{c2::myeloid progenitors}} and causes them to {{c2::divide and differentiate into all of its derivative cell types}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Thrombopoietin}} stimulates hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into megakaryocytes,
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::EPO}} stimulates {{c2::hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors}} to differentiate into {{c3::erythrocytes}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Sargramostim}} is used to boost {{c2::myeloid precursor production and maturation}} after a person undergoes a {{c2::bone marrow transplant}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Filgrastim}} is a {{c1::recombinant G-CSF}} and is used to correct {{c3::neutropenia}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Romiplostim and eltrombopag}} are medications that stimulate platelet production to treat {{c1::thrombocytopenia}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Hematopoiesis}} begins in {{c1::bone marrow}}, but {{c2::terminal differentiation}} can occur in the {{c1::vasculature or in tissue}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Yolk sac wall}} has {{c2::blood islands}} as {{c3::initial site of hematopoietic stem cells.}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Blood island and AGM}} hematopoietic stem cells populate {{c2::fetal liver and spleen}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Liver}} hematopoietic stem cells migrate to, and seed, {{c1::bone marrow.}}
Published	01/10/2024	What does VDJ stand for?
Published	01/10/2024	What four factors make VDJ rearrangement create unique antigen receptors?
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Fc region}} is the part that determines what {{c2::class}} of B cell receptor it will be.
Published	01/10/2024	The fragment of the B cell receptor that binds the antigen is the {{c1::Fab region}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::T-cell alpha chain}} is analogous to the {{c2::B cell light chain,}} and {{c1::T-cell beta chain}} which is analogous to the {{c2::B cell heavy …
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::RAG1 and RAG2}} initiate {{c2::V(D)J recombination}} by introducing {{c3::double-strand breaks}} at the border between a {{c4::re…
Published	01/10/2024	RAG-1 & RAG-2 expression is limited to {{c1::B- & T-lymphocytes}}.
Published	01/10/2024	What is terminal deoxytransferase activity in VDJ recombination?
Published	01/10/2024	What is the general sequences of events in T-cell development?
Published	01/10/2024	What is allelic exclusion?
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Invariant pre-T alpha polypepide chain}} forms a surrogate receptor with the {{c2::new beta chain.}}
Published	01/10/2024	The {{c1::CD3 signaling complex}} associates with the {{c2::surrogate receptor}} to transmit signals.
Published	01/10/2024	The {{c1::double positive daughter cells}} have {{c2::identical}} beta chains, but each cell successfully rearranges an {{c3::alpha chain}} and will h…
Published	01/10/2024	If the new beta chain works ({{c2::binds pre-T alpha & can signal via CD3}}), initial {{c3::DP4}} cell will clonally proliferate and express {{c1:…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Thymocytes}} interact with {{c1::thymic medullary epithelial cells, dendritic cells and macrophage}}
Published	01/10/2024	What is positive selection in T-cell development?
Published	01/10/2024	What is negative selection in T-cell development?
Published	01/10/2024	The T-cell receptor must interact with and bind to both the {{c1::MHC molecule presenting the antigen}} and the {{c1::peptide antigen}} itself.
Published	01/10/2024	A {{c1::“mature T-cell}} is one that has met {{c3::cognate antigen}} in the {{c2::periphery}} and been activated
Published	01/10/2024	Cells that survive negative selection are said to have {{c1::acquired immunological tolerance to self-antigen}}
Published	01/10/2024	What is the function of AIRE?
Published	01/10/2024	How does the general process of B-cell development differ from T-cell?
Published	01/10/2024	General sequence of events in B-cell development?
Published	01/10/2024	B-cell development begins with {{c1::cytokine signaling}} from {{c2::bone marrow stromal cells}}
Published	01/10/2024	B-cell Development occurs in the {{c1::bone marrow}} & is supported {{c1::by stromal cells}}
Published	01/10/2024	The {{c1::small pre-B cells}} rearrange the {{c2::light chain}}, which means that the pre-B cells will all have the same {{c3::heavy chain}}, but each…
Published	01/10/2024	The constant region for {{c2::IgM}} is encoded by the {{c1::µ gene segment.}}
Published	01/10/2024	If the new heavy chain works ({{c1::binds surrogate light chain & can signal via immunoglobulin beta & immunoglobulin alpha}}), the initial ce…
Published	01/10/2024	A non-self-reactive immature B-cell will:
Published	01/10/2024	What is Omenn syndrome?
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Gene mutations in transcription factor AIRE (autoimmune regulator)}}→ {{c1::APECED (APS-1)}}
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