Notes in Foundational Science

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Published	08/28/2024	If neither the heart cells nor the brain cells regenerate, how do they repair themselves when injury is/has been present?Heart: {{c1:: Fibrous sc…
Published	08/28/2024	Vascularized tissue, macrophages and the three types of cell it recruits (angioblasts, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts) is called {{c1::granulation ti…
Published	08/28/2024	Cytoplasm is the place for the following major pathways:1. {{c1::Glycolysis}}2. {{c2::Pentose phosphate pathway}}3. {{c3::Fatty acid sy…
Published	08/28/2024	Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? {{c1::Inner mitochondrial membrane}}
Published	08/28/2024	Which metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondrial matrix?1.{{c1::citric acid cycle}}2. {{c2:: Beta-Oxidation of fatty acids}}3. {{c3::Keto…
Published	08/28/2024	Some metabolic pathways occur in both the cytosol and within the mitochondria, such as:1. {{c1::Gluconeogenesis}} and 2. {{c2::Urea synthesi…
Published	08/28/2024	What is the connecting junction between glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose-phosphate pathway?{{c1:: Glucose 6-phosphate}}
Published	08/28/2024	What are the key regulatory enzymes for glycolysis?{{c1:: Hexokinase, PFK-1, Pyruvate Kinase}}
Published	08/28/2024	Glycogenolysis is regulated by the enzyme {{c1:: glycogen phosphorylase}} which is activated via phosphorylase kinase
Published	08/28/2024	Major regulated step for TCA cylce are:{{c1:: (Pyruvate dehydrogenase)}}{{c2:: Isocitrate dehydrogenase}}{{c3:: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase}}
Published	08/28/2024	Oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by the levels of {{c1::ADP/ATP}}
Published	08/28/2024	Fatty acid biosynthesis is regulated at the {{c1:: acetyl-coA carboxylase}} enzyme
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1:: hormone sensitive lipase}} is responsible for regulating fatty acid storage
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1:: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1}} regulates the Urea cycle
Published	08/28/2024	The islet alpha cells in the liver produce {{c1:: glucagon}} in low levels of glucose. Which favors {{c2::glycogenolysis}} and {{c3:: g…
Published	08/28/2024	In the muscle, insulin will promote {{c1::glucose intake}} and {{c2::glycogen synthesis}}
Published	08/28/2024	In a fasting state we will see an increase of the {{c1::glucagon}} hormone
Published	08/28/2024	In the fed state {{c1::GLUT 4}} translocates to the surface in {{c2::muscle}} and {{c3::adipose}} tissue
Published	08/28/2024	During the post absorptive state lyver glycogen becomes {{c1::glucose}}
Published	08/28/2024	The fasted state indluces {{c1::gluconeogenesis}} and {{c2:: glycogenolysis}} in the liver
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1:: Diabetes}} is a derangement of fuel metabolism
Published	08/28/2024	Fatty acids cycle between {{c1:: Triacylglycerides (TGAs)}} and {{c2::Free Fatty Acids (FFA)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Glycerol-3-phosphate is a precursor to {{c1::glucose}}
Published	08/28/2024	PEPCK (phsophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) {{c1::induces}} glycero-neogenesis in adipose tissue
Published	08/28/2024	Epinephrine concentrations {{c1::increase}} with exercise
Published	08/28/2024	exercise induces the {{c1::breakdown of TAGs (triacylglycerides}} in adipose tissue
Published	08/28/2024	Exercise induces {{c1:: glycogenolysis }} and {{c2::gluconeogenesis}} in the liver
Published	08/28/2024	Creatine phosphate serves as an {{c1::"energy buffer"}} in the muscle. And it provides a quick source of {{c2::energy/ATP}} for muscle contractio…
Published	08/28/2024	List the following fuel sources in the correct order: Creatinine phosphate, anaerobic metabolism, ATP, aerobic metabolism. {{c1:: ATP, creatinine…
Published	08/28/2024	You get about {{c1::106}} ATP molecules from fatty acid synthesis
Published	08/28/2024	You get a net of {{c1::2}} ATP molecules from glycolysis
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