Notes in Thyroid & parathyroid

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Published	05/12/2024	ADA Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes
Published	05/12/2024	DKA presentation
Published	05/12/2024	hyperglycemia (>250) ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate)venous pH < 7.3anion gap metabolic acidosislow bicarb (CO2 < 15)hyperkalemiahypomagnesemiahyp…
Published	05/12/2024	If A1C > 10, what is the 1st choice of tx after metformin?
Published	05/12/2024	CI for Metformin
Published	05/12/2024	SGLT2 inhibitors + MOA
Published	05/12/2024	When does screening for gestational diabetes begin?
Published	05/12/2024	postpartum gestational diabetes management
Published	05/12/2024	etiology of primary hypothyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	Fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, weight gain, menorrhagia, depression, bradycardia, diffuse goiter, hyporeflexia, eyelid edemaWhat do these sy…
Published	05/12/2024	hypothyroidism treatment + complication of hypothryoidsm
Published	05/12/2024	indications for Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Published	05/12/2024	etiology of primary hyperthyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	Hyperactivity, heat intolerance, diarrhea, wt loss, amenorrhea, palpitations, anxiety, tachycardia, diffuse goiter, hyperreflexia, lid lag, exophthalm…
Published	05/12/2024	symptomatic tx for hyperthyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	definitive tx for hyperthyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	complications of hyperthyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	1st line med for for decreasing thyroid hormone synthesis in hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm
Published	05/12/2024	2nd line for decreasing thyroid hormone synthesis in hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm1st line in pregnancy
Published	05/12/2024	Thyroid nodule workup flowchart: ↓TSH, ↑T4 = hyperthyroidism→ next do radioactive iodine uptakeexplain how we can tell the difference in HOT…
Published	05/12/2024	Thyroid nodule workup:TSH high, T4 low Next best steps?
Published	05/12/2024	primary & secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism + corresponding labwork
Published	05/12/2024	primary hyperparathyroidism clinical manifestation
Published	05/12/2024	etiology of primary hypoparathyroidism
Published	05/12/2024	presentation of primary hypoparathyroidism + lab findings
Published	05/12/2024	hypoparathyroidism treatment
Published	05/12/2024	Adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) etiology
Published	05/12/2024	fatigue, weakness, weight loss, salt craving, GI symptoms, hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, hypotensionWhat is the diagnosis? What would the diagnostic la…
Published	05/12/2024	Adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) treatment + complication
Published	05/12/2024	1st line tx for adrenal insufficiency
Published	05/12/2024	indications for the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone
Published	05/12/2024	short term ADRs of steroids (< 1 mo)
Published	05/12/2024	long-term ADRs of Steroids (>1 mo)
Published	05/12/2024	Hypercortisolism due to exogenous causes (steroid use) vs endogenous causes (tumor in adrenal gland, pituitary gland or lung).• If pituitary tumor – t…
Published	05/12/2024	Cushing syndrome presentation
Published	05/12/2024	What is needed to diagnosis of Cushing syndrome?
Published	05/12/2024	What does a LOW ACTH mean in Hypercortisolism? What is the next best step?
Published	05/12/2024	What does a HIGH ACTH mean in Hypercortisolism? What is the next best step?
Published	05/12/2024	Cushing syndrome treatment
Published	05/12/2024	In ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, the plasma ACTH is
Published	05/12/2024	In ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, the plasma ACTH is
Published	05/12/2024	In ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, _______________ can help distinguish pituitary (Cushing disease) from an ectopic source of ACTH overproduction.
Published	05/12/2024	Hyperaldosteronism/Conn Syndrome is caused by __________ and presents with:
Published	05/12/2024	diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism/Conn syndrome
Published	05/12/2024	hyperaldosteronism/Conn syndrome treatment
Published	05/12/2024	__________ is rare, life-threatening neuroendocrine tumor in the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine.How is diagnosed?
Published	05/12/2024	episodic HAs, sweating, palpitations, tachycardia, new onset or secondary HTNWhat is the diagnosis? What is the definitive treatment?
Published	05/12/2024	In addition to an alpha-blocker (phenoxybenzamine) for treatment of pheochromocytoma, what other med should be cautiously given?
Published	05/12/2024	SIADH is a rare disorder involving inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from posterior pituitary vs ectopic tumor.What is the etiology?
Published	05/12/2024	lethargy, nausea, memory loss; euvolemic hyponatremia (no edema, no JVD)↓Na ↓ serum osmolality (↑ urine osmolality >100Na >40diluted blood, concentrat…
Published	05/12/2024	central diabetes insipidus
Published	05/12/2024	nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Published	05/12/2024	diabetes insipidus presentation
Published	05/12/2024	How is diabetes insipidus diagnosis?
Published	05/12/2024	diabetes insipidus CENTRAL treatment
Published	05/12/2024	diabetes insipidus NEPHROGENIC treatment
Published	05/12/2024	Female presenting with amenorrhea, infertility, galactorrhea, hot flashes, ↓bone density, mass effect (HA, bitemporal hemianopsiaWhat is the diagnosis…
Published	05/12/2024	prolactinoma treatment
Published	05/12/2024	What causes the under secretion of pituitary hormones in hypopituitarism is due to
Published	05/12/2024	lactation failure postpartum, amenorrhea, vaginal atrophy, hot flashes, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, hypotension, decreased body massWhat do these …
Published	05/12/2024	hypopituitarism treatment
Published	05/12/2024	________ is an excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) due to pituitary adenoma. How would this diagnosis present?
Published	05/12/2024	How is acromegaly worked up?
Published	05/12/2024	acromegaly treatment
Published	05/12/2024	explain the pathophysiology of DKA
Published	05/12/2024	what is the best test for dx diabetes type 1 or 2?
Published	05/12/2024	what is defined as a fasting glucose?
Published	05/12/2024	Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) presentation
Published	05/12/2024	Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) dx
Published	05/12/2024	what is the only hyperthyroidism that is assoicated with ocular changes?
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid storm etiology
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid storm clinical manifestation + dx testing
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid storm management
Published	05/12/2024	thyroiditis  definition + etiology
Published	05/12/2024	thyroiditis  clinical manifestations
Published	05/12/2024	thyroiditis  dx
Published	05/12/2024	De Quervain (subacute) thyoiditis definition + etiology
Published	05/12/2024	De Quervain (subacute) thyoiditis clinical manifestation
Published	05/12/2024	De Quervain (subacute) thyoiditis dx
Published	05/12/2024	De Quervain (subacute) thyoiditis treatment
Published	05/12/2024	subclincal thyroid disease ?????
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma (nodules) etiology
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma (nodules) clinical manfestations
Published	05/12/2024	what will be the inital dx for a thyroid adenoma/nodule (found clinically or incidentally)?
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma/nodule dx process (flowchart)
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma/nodule dx- which dx study will help you determine if HYPERthyroidism is hot or cold?
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma/nodule dx- which hyperthyroidism nodule (aka hot or cold) is more concerning for malignancy?
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid adenoma/nodule dx- what is the test of choice (not initial) for both hyper and hypothyroidism nodules?
Published	05/12/2024	which thyroid adenoma/nodule are high/intermediate suspicion for cancer?
Published	05/12/2024	when should you have a high index of suspicion for malignacy for thyroid adenoma/nodule?
Published	05/12/2024	thyroid cancer etiology + most common type + sxn + dx
Published	05/12/2024	what is the most common type of thyroid cancer? what is the most aggressive thyroid cancer?
Published	05/12/2024	what are multiple endocrine neoplasia?
Published	05/12/2024	what is MEN1?
Published	05/12/2024	primary hyperparathyroidism tx
Published	05/12/2024	elevated calcium with low PTH suggests ____
Published	05/12/2024	if inital Hb A1C is greater than 10, that is the drug of choice to add to metformin?
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