Notes in Exam I

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Osteology/Muscles

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/05/2024	Define axial and abaxial, and it's use in limbs and digits
Published	09/05/2024	Adduction v. Abduction
Published	09/05/2024	What are the primary structures of the front limb, what do they include, and where are they located relative to joints (Use relative terminology)
Published	09/05/2024	What are the two primary skeletal groupings in the canine, describe the naming conventions and what groups they include
Published	09/05/2024	What is the term for a ring of bone made up of multiple bones.
Published	09/05/2024	List all of the joints in the thoracic limb, and their relative structures(using relative language)
Published	09/05/2024	Define circumduction and rotation
Published	09/05/2024	Cranial v. Caudal v. Rostral
Published	09/05/2024	Deep v. Superficial
Published	09/05/2024	Distal v. Proximal
Published	09/05/2024	Dorsal v. Ventral
Published	09/05/2024	Extension v. Flexion relative to joints
Published	09/05/2024	Palmar v. Plantar
Published	09/05/2024	Pronation v. Supination
Published	09/05/2024	Describe the types of bones, and give an example of each.
Published	09/05/2024	Briefly describe the cortical and spongy bone, periosteum, medullary cavity, articular cartilage,  nutrient foramen, and their locations on …
Published	09/05/2024	Describe the differences between hinge joints and ball/socket joints, and give examples of each.
Published	09/05/2024	What are the main differences between canine and feline osteology on the thoracic limb?
Published	09/05/2024	Describe the structures of the synovial capsule
Published	09/05/2024	What are the two ways tendons are cushioned from the bone, and the differences between them?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the 5 radiographic opacities, in order from least to most opaque.
Published	09/05/2024	How are radiographic images taken in the relation to the body, and what is the naming convention for the views.
Published	09/05/2024	When does the limb naming terminology change from cranial/caudal to palmar/plantar/dorsal
Published	09/05/2024	What is required to properly spatially locate a structure on X-Ray?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the six requirements for a radiographic description?
Published	09/05/2024	What is the difference between silhouette and contrast?
Published	09/05/2024	What is Dimelia?
Published	09/05/2024	What is radial hemimelia?
Published	09/05/2024	What is Situs Inversa?
Published	09/05/2024	How long is the embryonic period in canine, feline, bovine, and equine?
Published	09/05/2024	What occurs in the embryonic period vs. fetal period
Published	12/09/2024	What are the 4 steps required for embryo initiation, and where do they occur?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the 3 primary reactions required for fertilization?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the 3 instruction sets needed for organogenesis?
Published	09/05/2024	What are Hox genes?
Published	12/09/2024	Describe a morula
Published	09/05/2024	What is a bundle of muscle cells called?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the 4 characteristics of muscle cells?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the 3 types of muscles?
Published	12/09/2024	What are the 3 functions of skeletal muscles?
Published	09/05/2024	What is a wide, flat tendon called?
Published	09/05/2024	What holds groups of tendons together and onto the surfaces of joints?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the three types of interaction between muscles?
Published	09/05/2024	What sides of the limb are extensors on? Which muscle breaks this rule?
Published	12/09/2024	What sides of the limb are manus flexors on?
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Extensor carpi radialis
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Ulnaris lateralis
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Supinator
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Pronator teres
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Flexor carpi radialis
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Superficial digital flexor
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Deep digital extensor
Published	09/05/2024	Define the attachments and actions:Flexor carpi ulnaris
Published	09/05/2024	Describe the formation of a blastocyst
Published	09/14/2024	What are the two-ish components of a blastocyst?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the differentiation potencies for a morula, blastocyst, and trilaminar embryo?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the structures of a bilaminar embryo, and to what tissues will they contribute?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the three steps for gastrulation?
Published	09/14/2024	What 3 tissue regions are present after gastrulation?
Published	09/05/2024	What are the two membrane layers of a 3D embryo, and what tissue regions are they made of?
Published	09/05/2024	What structure develops into vasculature within the placenta and associated with the chorion?
Published	09/05/2024	What forms after the allantois is mature and interfaces with the chorion?
Published	09/05/2024	From fetus to uterus, what layers of tissue would you encounter, and in what order? (Canine)
Published	09/05/2024	What are the three types of placentation in domestic animals?
Published	09/14/2024	What are the three-ish sections of mesoderm in a trilaminar embryo, and what are their fates?
Published	09/14/2024	What is the fate of the endoderm?
Published	09/14/2024	What is the notochord, and what are it's two main actions?
Published	09/14/2024	What are the three stages of neurulation after formation of neurectoderm? Where does it begin and migrate towards?
Published	09/14/2024	What is a ganglion?
Published	09/14/2024	What structures are lateral to the neural tube, and what do they give rise to?
Published	09/14/2024	What are the zones/layers of the developing neural tube, what are they comprised of, and what do they do? (if applicable)
Published	09/14/2024	Broadly describe the formation of brain vesicles
Published	09/14/2024	What is hydrocephalus, and what is the consequence of this condition within the skull?
Published	09/14/2024	When a congenital defect is caused, what are the two categories it can fall under? And what do those categories mean?
Published	09/14/2024	What are the two major intrinsic factors that cause congenital defects?
Published	09/14/2024	What are 3 common teratogenic agents?
Published	09/14/2024	Why are teratogenic defects visible post-gastrulation?
Published	09/14/2024	What is the critical period in canines? And what developmental period does it coincide with?
Published	09/14/2024	What are the four principles of teratogenesis?
Status	Last Update	Fields