Notes in D.1. Lymphoid Neoplasms

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Published	10/21/2024	Neoplasms composed of immature (pre-B) or T (pre-T) cells, which are referred to as?
Published	10/21/2024	Most common cancer in children
Published	10/21/2024	What percentage of ALL cases are B-ALLs, and what is their common manifestation?
Published	10/21/2024	In which demographic are T-ALLs most commonly seen, and how do they present?
Published	10/21/2024	What type of mutations are typically found in T-ALLs?
Published	10/21/2024	What mutations are typically associated with B-ALLs?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the characteristic chromosomal change found in approximately 90% of ALL cases?
Published	10/21/2024	What does the morphology of bone marrow in ALL typically show?
Published	10/21/2024	How can ALL be distinguished from AML?
Published	10/21/2024	What histochemical characteristic is typically seen in lymphoblasts in ALL?
Published	10/21/2024	Which specialized DNA polymerase is expressed only in pre-B and pre-T lymphoblasts?
Published	10/21/2024	What markers are expressed in B-ALLs?
Published	10/21/2024	Which marker is negative in very immature B-ALLs?
Published	10/21/2024	What markers are expressed in T-ALLs?
Published	10/21/2024	What clinical features result from the accumulation of neoplastic "blasts" in the bone marrow in ALL?
Published	10/21/2024	What is a common presentation onset for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
Published	10/21/2024	What are some factors associated with worse prognosis in ALL?
Published	10/21/2024	What factors are associated with a favorable prognosis in ALL?
Published	10/21/2024	What translocation is associated with BCR-ABL fusion gene in ALL?
Published	10/21/2024	How can BCR-ABL positive B-ALL be effectively treated?
Published	10/21/2024	The specialized DNA polymerase expressed only in pre-B and pre-T lymphoblasts is called {{c1::Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)}}
Published	10/21/2024	Markers expressed in B-ALLs include {{c1::CD19, PAX-5, CD10}}, and in more mature "late pre-B" ALLs, {{c2::CD20 and cytoplasmic IgM heavy chain (μ cha…
Published	10/21/2024	The marker that is negative in very immature B-ALLs is {{c1::CD10}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Markers expressed in T-ALLs include {{c1::CD1, CD2, CD5, and CD7}}. In "late" pre-T-cell tumors, {{c2::CD3, CD4, and CD8}} may also be positive, but a…
Published	10/21/2024	The accumulation of neoplastic "blasts" in the bone marrow in ALL suppresses {{c1::normal hematopoiesis}}, leading to symptoms like fatigue, infection…
Published	10/21/2024	The typical onset for ALL is {{c1::abrupt and stormy}}, occurring within {{c2::days to a few weeks}} of the first symptoms.
Published	10/21/2024	Factors associated with worse prognosis in ALL include: {{c1::age younger than 2 years}}, {{c2::presentation in adolescence or adulthood}}, and {{c3::…
Published	10/21/2024	A favorable prognosis in ALL is associated with factors like age between {{c1::2-10 years}}, {{c2::low WBC count}}, {{c3::hyperdiploidy}}, {{c4::triso…
Published	10/21/2024	Translocation {{c1::(9;22)}} creates a fusion gene encoding the constitutively active {{c2::BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase}}.
Published	10/21/2024	BCR-ABL positive B-ALL can be treated effectively with {{c1::BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors}} in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
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