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Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary  Biliary anatomical variants:With {{c1::low insertion}} of the cystic duct, the surgeon may misidenti…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary anatomical variants:An aberrant {{c2::right posterior}} duct is only important if the pa…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary anatomical variants:A {{c2::long common channel}} is also known as {{c1::pancreaticobiliary maljun…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary anatomical variants:{{c1::Long common channel}} may be associated with choledochal {{c2::cyst}}, bile d…
Published 05/01/2023 91cd0c3cba1a4317a77c0076c31791e8-ao-1
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Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Sagittal ultrasound of the gallbladderCalipers: {{c1::Echogenic gallstone}} in the gallbladder neck …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Cholelithiasis}} is a gallbladder stone or stones, {{c2::without::with/without}} associated inflammation
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Classic presentation of symptomatic {{c1::cholelithiasis}} is colicky RUQ pain after eating a fatty meal
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Risk factors for developing {{c6::gallstones}} include:{{c1::female sex::gender}}{{c2::obesity::BMI}}{{c3::preg…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary On ultrasound, gallstones are {{c1::echogenic::appearance}} with {{c2::posterior}} acoustic shadowing and are u…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary It is helpful to reposition the patient typically in the {{c1::left lateral decubitus}} position while scanning…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The {{c1::wall-echo-shadow (WES)}} sign describes a gallbladder with {{c2::multiple stones (or a gian…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary  Case: Ultrasound of gallbladderYellow arrows: Leading edge of the {{c1::stone}} and the {{c2::g…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Ddx of echogenic material within the gallbladder includes:{{c1::Gallstone}} => mobile, shadowing{{c2::Gallbl…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Acute calculus cholecystitis}} is inflammation of the {{c2::gallbladder}} due to an obstructing gallstone…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Acute calculus cholecystitis}} typically present with symptoms of {{c2::RUQ pain}} and {{c2::fever}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Oblique sagittal ultrasound through the gallbladderYellow arrows: Thickened, echogenic {{c1::gallbla…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Ultrasound}} is the first-line imaging modality of suspected acute cholecystitis
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In {{c1::acute cholecystitis}}, gallstones are seen >90% of the time and a positive {{c2::Murphy's::clinical…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial and coronal T2 MRI abdomenYellow arrows: {{c1::Gallbladder wall edema}}Red arrows: P…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Complications of {{c1::acute cholecystitis}} are rare but serious and include:{{c2::Emphysematous cholecystitis…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Surgical treatment of uncomplicated acute calculous cholecystitis is {{c1::cholecystectomy}}. Patients who are …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Acalculous cholecystitis}} is typically seen in very sick patients such as those in the ICU, thought…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Emphysematous cholecystitis}} is a severe complication of acute cholecystitis caused by gas-forming …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c3::Emphysematous cholecystitis}} presents on imaging as gas located within the {{c1::lum…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Treatment of emphysematous cholecystitis is most often {{c1::emergent cholecystectomy}} or {{c2::cholecyst…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Ultrasound gallbladder (L), Axial CT (R) Yellow arrows: Intramural foci of {{c2::gas}} Dia…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Gangrenous cholecystitis}} is due to increased intraluminal {{c3::pressure}}, leading to gallbladder wall…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Gangrenous cholecystitis}} on imaging classically appears as notably {{c2::asymmetric::symmetric/asymmetr…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial and coronal contrast-enhaced CT Red arrow: {{c2::Discontinuous}} mucosal enhancement…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Treatment of gangrenous cholecystitis is {{c1::emergent cholecystectomy}} or {{c2::cholecystostomy}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Acute::Acute/Subacute/Chronic}} gallbladder perforation has very high mortality due to {{c2::bi…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Porcelain gallbladder}} describes peripherally {{c2::calcified}} gallbladder wall
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Porcelain gallbladder}} is associated with a (somewhat controversial) increased risk of {{c2::gallbladder…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Porcelain gallbladder on ultrasound presents with {{c1::echogenic}} gallbladder wall {{c2::with::with/without}}…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial contrast-enhanced CT Findings: {{c2::Calcified}} gallbladder wall, multiple peripher…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Ddx of echogenic gallbladder wall includes:{{c1::Porcelain gallbladder::calcification of wall}}{{c2::Gallb…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Porcelain gallbladder}} is shown below with associated {{c2::posterior acoustic}} shadowing
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Ultrasound of gallbladder in patient following biliary stent placementYellow arrow: {{c1::Dirty…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Courvoisier}} gallbladder refers to a markedly {{c3::dilated}} gallbladder from malignant obstr…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary A markedly dilated gallbladder without acute {{c4::cholecystitis}} implies chronic {{c1::obstruction}…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Hyperplastic Cholecystoses is a spectrum of non-neoplastic proliferative disorders that includes abnormali…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Adenomyomatosis}} is {{c2::cholesterol}} deposition in mural {{c3::Rokitansky-Aschoff}} sinuses
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Ultrasound gallbladder (L), Coronal CT (R)Yellow arrows: {{c2::Comet tail}} artifact from multi…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Most {{c2::gallbladder polyps}} are benign cholesterol polyps; <5% may be {{c1::premalignant adenomas}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Gallbladder polyps are usually incidental and asymptomatic, but may cause {{c1::RUQ pain}} and even cholecystit…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The "six S's" increase the risk for {{c1::gallbladder polyp}} being malignant:Size > {{c2::10 mm or rapid gr…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c2::Cholecystectomy}} should be performed in a patient with gallbladder polyp >{{c1::10}} mm in size
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Main differential to consider with gallbladder polyp is {{c1::adherent sludge}} which can be distinguished…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Causes of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening >{{c5::3}} mm include:{{c1::Fluid-overload states}} such …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Causes of focal gallbladder wall thickening include:{{c1::Hyperplastic cholecystosis}} such as {{c4::…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Sagittal ultrasound of the gallbladder with Color Doppler (R)Yellow arrows: Several hypoechoic,…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Differential for non-shadowing "mass" in gallbladder lumen{{c1::Tumefactive sludge::mobile}}{{c2::Blo…
Published 05/01/2023 d732a2b333c740f8881c857ce68a0718-ao-1
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Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary MRCP utilizes heavily {{c1::T2}}-weighted sequences that increase contrast between T2 {{c2::hyper}}intense stat…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Sequences with intermediate T2-weighted (TE {{c1::80}}-{{c1::100}} ms) are best suited for visualization of the…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Fast spin echo}} sequences are most commonly used for MRCP acquisition
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Advantages of MRCP over ERCP include:Non{{c1::invasive}}Does not require {{c2::sedation}}Can visualize surround…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary MRCP cannot simultaneously {{c1::diagnose}} and {{c1::treat}}, whereas {{c2::ERCP}} can 
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Contrast-enhanced MRCP can be performed with {{c3::fat}}-saturated {{c2::T1}}-weighted imaging after injection …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Most choledohcal cysts are diagnosed during {{c1::childhood}} presenting with {{c2::non-specific abdominal}} pa…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Choledochal cysts are often {{c1::resected}} due to increased {{c3::cholangiocarcinoma}} risk, which can be as …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In contrast to biliary hamartomas, choledochal cysts {{c1::do::do/do not}} communicate with the biliary tree
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: ERCP (L), thick-slab coronal MRCP heavily T2-weighted sequence (R)Yellow arrows: {{c3::Fusiform…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial and coronal T2-weighted MRI imagesYellow arrows: {{c1::Dilated}} intrahepatic bile ducts&…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Caroli {{c1::syndrome}} is Caroli disease plus {{c2::hepatic fibrosis}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The {{c1::central-dot}} sign describes small branches of the {{c3::portal}} vein and {{c3::hepat…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Sagittal ultrasound (L) of porta hepatis, Transverse ultrasound (R) through head of pancreasCalipers…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Patients with choledocholithiasis may be asymptomatic, but more often present with RUQ pain, nausea, vomit…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Mirizzi}} syndrome is {{c4::inflammation}} and external {{c4::compression}} of the {{c2::c…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary If {{c1::Mirizzi}} syndrome is not known, the surgeon may mistakenly ligate the {{c2::common hepatic}} duct ins…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Coronal contrast-enhanced CTYellow arrow: Peripherally {{c1::calcified}} gallstone at the level…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial T2-weighted MRIYellow arrow: {{c2::Gallstone}} within neck of gallbladder, with…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Coronal MRCPYellow arrow: {{c2::Gallstone}} Red arrows: External compression of the {…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Pneumobilia}} is commonly seen after {{c2::sphincterectomy}} or {{c3::biliary-to-enteric}} anastomos…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Pneumobilia vs Portal venous gas:On CT/MRI each demonstrate branching gas, but in pneumobilia gas is seen more …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Pneumobilia vs Portal venous gas:On ultrasound, each demonstrate branching {{c2::echogenic::appearance on …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Rule of thumb for assessing common bile duct diameter is to assume that CBD should be {{c1::6}} mm or less befo…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Rule of thumb for assessing hepatic duct diameter: >{{c1::2}} mm in size or >{{c2::40}}% of the adja…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Common bile}} duct is often mildly dilated in patients who have undergone {{c2::cholecystectomy}}, usuall…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In general, {{c1::malignancy::malignancy vs benign}} causes more prominent ductal dilation than {{c1::benign::m…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Obstruction of the biliary tree, most commonly due to {{c1::choledocholithiasis}}, may cause {{c2::ascending ch…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial contrast-enhanced CT (L), Coronal post-contrast T1-weighted MRI (R)Yellow arrows: {{c1::F…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Primary sclerosing cholangitis}} is idiopathic inflammation and destruction of bile ducts and associated&…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: ERCP (L), Thick-slab coronal MRCP heavily T2-weighted (R)Appearance: {{c1::Beaded}} appearance …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) appearance is similar to that of {{c1::AIDS}} cholangiopathy, althoug…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Long-term complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) include {{c1::cirrhosis}} (presenting with caud…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)}} is inflammation and destruction of {{c2::smaller::size}} bile ducts tha…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), chronic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) can lead to {{c1::cirr…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::AIDS cholangitis}} is seen in patient susceptible to biliary infection with {{c2::Cryptosporidium}} and {…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Imaging of AIDS cholangitis appears nearly identical to {{c1::primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)}} with multi…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (aka {{c1::oriental cholangiohepatitis}}) is thought to be caused by parasite {{…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis features imaging triad of:{{c1::Pneumobilia::air}}{{c2::Lamellated}} bile d…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis are at increased risk of {{c1::cholangiocarcinoma}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Axial (L) and coronal (R) T2-weighted MRIYellow arrow: {{c1::Multiseptated}} T2 {{c2::hyper}}in…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Biliary cystadenoma}} is a benign cystic neoplasm occuring predominanatly in {{c2::middle-aged women::dem…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary cystadenoma {{c1::does not::does/does not}} communicate with the biliary system
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Biliary cystadenoma}} appears as large, {{c3::multiloculated}} cystic mass that is distinguished fro…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Septations of biliary cystadenoma may mimic those of an {{c1::echinocccal}} cyst
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In contrast to hepatic abscess or necrotic metastasis, a thick enhancing wall {{c1::is not::is/is not}} a featu…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In patients iwth biliary cystadenoma, due to risk of malignant degeneration to {{c2::biliary cystaden…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Cholangiocarinoma}} is a highly malignant tumor of the {{c2::biliary ductal epithelium}} and is the …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c2::Cholangiocarcinoma}} classically presents with {{c1::painless::painful/painless}} jaundice 
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Three main subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma:{{c1::Mass forming}}{{c2::Periductal (aka Klatskin tumor)}} (at confl…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Imaging sequences as indicated belowYellow arrow: Enhancing, mildly T2 {{c1::hyper}}intense tum…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Cholangiocarcinoma tends to obstruct bile ducts and lead to {{c1::intrahepatic}} ductal dilation and capsular {…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Risk factors for development of cholangiocarcinoma include:{{c1::Choledochal cyst::Anatomical variant}}{{c2::Pr…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Gallbladder cancer is a {{c2::rare}} malignancy with {{c1::poor}} prognosis that typically present with RUQ pai…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c2::Gallblader}} carcinoma typically presents gallstones and concomitant {{c1::chronic cholecystiti…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Gallbladder carcinoma:Commonly appears as {{c1::scirrhous}} infiltrating mass that invades into the {{c1::…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Coronal T2-weighted (L) and post-contrast T1-weighted (R) MRIYellow arrows: Intraluminal enhanc…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Although tumor spread of gallbladder carcinoma is direct extension into the liver, {{c1::lymphatic}} and {{c2::…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Gallbladder carcinoma has poor prognosis though {{c1::small polypoid}} lesions may undergo curative resect…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Risk factors for gallblader cancer include:{{c1::Gallstones and chronic cholecystitis::Obstruction and inflamma…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Hepatocellular carcinoma can spread directly to the gallblader through {{c1::the bile ducts}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Melanoma carcinoma can spread {{c1::hematogenously}} to the gallbladder {{c2::mucosa}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Porcelain gallbladder is thought to be a sequela of {{c1::chronic cholecystitis}} due to either chron…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Porcelain gallbladder is managed with {{c1::prophylactic cholecystectomy}} (historically) or {{c2::observa…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Sagittal and transverse ultrasound of gallbladderYellow arrow: {{c5::Non-}}shadowing echogenic lesio…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary anatomical variants:Long common channel (>{{c3::15}} mm) may or may not occur with biliary dilation
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Biliary anatomical variants:{{c1::Long common channel}} occurs when the union of the {{c2::…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Malignant degeneration of cystadenoma to {{c1::biliary cystadenocarcinoma}} appears as invasion …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Techniques that optimize MRCP imaging other than fast spin echo sequences include {{c1::breath-hold}}…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Pneumobilia is rarely due to {{c1::cholecystoenteric fistula}} or {{c2::emphysematous cholecystitis}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary In Mirizzi syndrome, inflammation can cause gallstone to erode into the {{c1::common hepatic}} duct, resulting …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Acute cholecystitis}} findings include:Gallbladder wall thickening >{{c2::3}} mmPericholecystic {{c3::…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Risk factors for acalculous cholecystitis including:{{c1::sepsis}}{{c2::prolonged parenteral nutrition}}{{c3::t…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Emphysematous cholecystitis is caused by {{c1::gas-forming bacteria}} with {{c2::elderly::age}}, {{c2::diabetic…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Subacute::Acute/Subacute/Chronic}} gallbladder perforation may lead to {{c2::pericholecystic ab…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Chronic::Acute/Subacute/Chronic}} gallbladder perforation may lead to {{c2::cholecystoenteric f…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma include:{{c1::Chronic biliary disease}} (in US) {{c2::Liver fluke infection}…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Periductal::subtype}} cholangiocarcinoma is also known as {{c2::Klatskin}} tumor
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis caused by Clonorchis sinesis lead to {{c1::pigment}} stone formation, bilia…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Caroli (Type V choledochal cyst)}} disease represents segmental or diffuse {{c4::saccular}} dil…
Published 05/01/2023 76942f7035a64d699bf9acc0cfb3f486-ao-1
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Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Case: Sagittal ultrasound of gallbladder Yellow arrows: Multiple small, shadowing {{c1::gallston…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Which gallbladder disorder can present as so large it can be directly palpable on physical exam?{{c1::Courvoisi…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Hyperplastic cholecystoses are a spectrum of non-neoplastic proliferative disorders caused by deposition of {{c…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Do not confuse adenomyomatosis of the {{c1::gallbladder}} with adenomyosis of the {{c1::ute…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Adenomyomatosis is often seen in the gallbladder {{c1::fundus}}, but can be diffuse or focal
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Differentiating focal adenomyomatosis from {{c1::malignancy}} may be difficult
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The ultrasound hallmark of adenomyomatosis is the {{c1::comet-tail}} artifact due to reflections…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The typical MRI appearance of adenomyomatosis is focal, bubbly T2 {{c1::hyper}}intense {{c2::thickeni…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Ultrasound}} has limited sensitivity and specificity in detecting small polyps <{{c2::10}}mm, especial…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary While malignant polyps tend to be {{c1::singular::singular or multiple}}, benign cholesterol polyps tend to be …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The typical ultrasound appearance of a gallbladder polyp is {{c2::non-mobile::mobile/non-mobile}}, {{c2::non-sh…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary The contrast agents used in MRCP {{c1::shorten}} T1 relaxation, resulting in T1 {{c2::hyper}}intense biliary fl…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c2::Choledochal cysts}} represent a heterogenous group of diseases with a common pathway of intrahepatic or e…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type I choledochal cyst?{{c1::Fusiform common bile duct dilation}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type II choledochal cyst?{{c1::Extrahepatic saccular dilation}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type III choledochal cyst?{{c1::Dilation of intraduodenal bile duct}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type IV choledochal cyst?{{c1::Multiple segments dilated}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type IVA choledochal cyst?{{c1::Intra- and extrahepatic dilation}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type IVB choledochal cyst?{{c1::Extrahepatic dilation only}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What defines a Type V choledochal cyst?{{c1::Intrahepatic dilation = Caroli disease}}
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Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary What is the most common type (~50%) of choledochal cyst by the Todani classifcation?Type {{c1::I}} choledochal …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Choledocholithiasis is a stone in the {{c1::common bile duct}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Gas can be difficult to visualize by MRI because gas is T1 and T2 {{c1::hypo}}intense and causes "{{c2::bloomin…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Pneumobilia::Pneumobilia or Portal venous gas?}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary {{c1::Portal venous gas::Pneumobilia or Portal venous gas?}}
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Imaging of ascending cholangitis may be completely normal, but when abnormal, the key findings are {{…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Most (75%) patients with {{c1::primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)::PSC or UC}} have {{c1::ulcerative colitis …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Imaging of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) shows a characteristic {{c1::beaded}}, irregular appe…
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Thorium dioxide (alpha-emitter contrast agent) is a risk factor for development of {{c1::cholangiocarcinoma}}, …
Published 05/01/2023 Gastrointestinal Imaging: Biliary Are metastases to the gallbladder common?{{c1::No}}
Published 05/01/2023 76942f7035a64d699bf9acc0cfb3f486-ao-4
Published 05/01/2023 76942f7035a64d699bf9acc0cfb3f486-ao-6
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