Notes in 10 Liver Function Tests

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Crigler-Najjar}} Syndrome - Defect UDP-Glucoronyl transferase
Published	07/30/2024	Bilirubin is carried in the hepatocytes to the SER by {{c1::ligandin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Newborn Total Serum Bilirubin {{c1::1-12}} mg/dL or {{c2::17-205}} 𝜇mol/L
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Serum Bilirubin B1: {{c1::<0.3}} mg/dL or {{c2::<5}} 𝜇mol/LB2: {{c1::0.1-1}} mg/dL or {{c2::2-17}} 𝜇mol/L
Published	07/30/2024	Old erythrocytes are sequestered by the {{c1::reticuloendothelial}} cells and the hemoglobin is broken down into {{c2::heme::substance}} and {{c2::glo…
Published	07/30/2024	Globin are broken down into {{c1::AAs}} while the heme portion is converted to {{c1::bilirubin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bilirubin is carried in the plasma by {{c1::albumin}}
Published	07/30/2024	UDP-glucuronyltransferase is located in the {{c1::SER::organelle}} of hepatocytes
Published	07/30/2024	Through the help of enzyme {{c1::UDP-glucuronyltransferase}}, bilirubin will undergo conjugation to form {{c2::bilirubin monoglucuronide}} and {{c2::b…
Published	07/30/2024	The bilirubin glucuronides are now ready to be excreted to the canalicular system through the transporter, {{c1::multidrug resistant protein transport…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dubin Johnson}} Syndrome - Defect in multidrug resistant protein which prevents glucuronide secretion in the canalicular system
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gilbert}} Syndrome - Defect in hepatocyte transport proteins and UDP-Glucoronyl transferase
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Hemolytic anemia 1. Elevated indirect bilirubin 2. Elevated direct bilirubin {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Biliary Obstruction1. Elevated indirect bilirubin 2. Elevated direct bilirubin {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Jaundice Bilirubin Theshold:{{c1::2.3-3}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	If you see tea-colored urine and acholic stool, think of {{c1::biliary obstruction}}
Published	07/30/2024	High serum ammonia causes toxicity and dysfunction to {{c1::astrocytes and neutrophils::2 types of cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Liver failure 2. Serum ammonia {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Correlate with severity of encaphalopathy 1. Arterial ammonia level2. Venous ammonia level{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can we use serum ammonia as an early indicator for liver damage?{{c1::No. There has to be 80% of damage to the liver before we see rise in serum ammon…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Serum Ammonia2. {{c1::GABA::NT}}{{c2::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Urea}} - Renally eliminated form of ammonium
Published	07/30/2024	Liver Cirrhosis Lipid Profile:↓ {{c1::HDL3, LCAT, Lipoprotein Lipase::3}}↑ {{c1::TG, PL, VLDL::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Alcoholic Liver Injury Lipid Profile:↑ {{c1::HDL3, Alpha Protein A1::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Elevated protein associated with cholestatic liver{{c1::Lipoprotein X}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most important/obvious derangement if (+) liver disease (marker){{c1::Proteins}}
Published	07/30/2024	The liver is the site of all serum protein synthesis except for {{c1::Igs and vWF::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. ALP2. Degree of biliary obstruction{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	The 3 earliest protein derangements that will be observed in early stage liver disease are...{{c1::Factor VII (half-life 4-6 hrs)Transthyretin (1-2 da…
Published	07/30/2024	ALP uses {{c1::Zn}} and {{c1::Mg}} as cofactors
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: % of protein synthesized by liver Albumin: {{c1::60}}%Globulins: {{c1::36}}%
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Haptoglobulin}} - Alpha globulin that transports hemoglobin released by dead erythrocytes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ceruloplasmin}} - Alpha globulin that transports copper
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fibrinogen}} - Gamma globulins produced by liver
Published	07/30/2024	Serum {{c1::albumin}} is the best prognostic factor for cirrhosis
Published	07/30/2024	In serum protein electrophoresis of liver proteins, what happens to the graph in cirrhotic liver?{{c1::Bridging of beta and gamma component of globuli…
Published	07/30/2024	Most common coagulopathy in liver failure is {{c1::DIC}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Affected early in liver failure 1. PT2. aPTT{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cholestasis can prolong {{c1::PT::PT or aPTT}}
Published	07/30/2024	Familiarize with conditions that INC LDH {{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	In cases of alcoholism, AST {{c1::>}} ALT because {{c1::ASTm::specific hepatic enzyme}} is expected to be ELEVATED in plasma
Published	07/30/2024	Liver hepatic enzymes elevated in cholestasis / biliary obstruction {{c1::ALP GGT}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give the hepatic enzymes that are localized in ff. compartmentsCytoplasm {{c1::Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LD)Aspartate Aminotransferase cytoplasm…
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin cofactor that is mostly utilized by transaminases{{c1::Vitamin B6}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Utilized in Cori cycle1. AST2. ALT{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Upper Reference of AST and ALT{{c1::40}} IU/L
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] More specific to liver damage1. ALT2. AST{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Half life 1. ALT2. AST{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Hepatic fraction of AST:ALT is {{c1::2.5:1}}
Published	07/30/2024	Transaminasemia specific for hepatocellular injury Threshold: {{c1::Approx. 1000}} UI/L
Published	07/30/2024	Acute Hepatocellular Injury: AST {{c1::>::>/</~}} ALTChronic Hepatocellular Injury: AST {{c1::<}} ALTTerminal Hepatocellular Injury: AST {…
Published	07/30/2024	Non-tissue-specific ALP is found in {{c1::Serum}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Space Occupying Lesion}} Liver Fxn Tests:↑ {{c1::LDH (500 IU/L) & ALP::2}}N {{c1::AST & ALP::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lactate dehydrogenase}} - Cytoplasmic enzyme that facilitates conversion of pyruvate to lactate
Published	07/30/2024	LDH levels is very useful to assess liver injury {{c1::False::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Elevated LDH 500 IU/L + Elevated ALP, but Normal AST, ALT is indicated in what type of liver pathology?{{c1::Space Occupying Lesion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two subunits that form Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme{{c1::H (heart)M (muscle)}}
Published	07/30/2024	LDH isoenzyme that is specific for liver {{c1::LDH 4LDH 5}}
Published	07/30/2024	Majority of ALP is found in {{c1::liver::organ}} and {{c1::bone::organ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tissue-specific ALP is found in which tissues?{{c1::IntestinesGerminal tissuesPlacenta::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Half-Life1. ALP2. GGT{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	GGT is highest in these 3 conditions:{{c1::chronic cholestasisprimary biliary cirrhosissclerosing cholangitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. INC AST and ALT > ALP1. Hepatocellular 2. Obstructive{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. INC AST and ALT < ALP and Bilirubin1. Hepatocellular 2. Obstructive{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	HAV-RNA is detected up to {{c1::18}} days until onset of symptoms
Published	07/30/2024	Source of alpha fetoprotein in utero {{c1::Embryonic hepatocytesFetal yolk sac}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hepatocellular Carcinoma AFP Threshold:>{{c1::400}} ng/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Anti-HAV IgG develops {{c1::1-2}} weeks after IgM
Published	07/30/2024	Anti-HAV IgM develops {{c1::2-3}} weeks after infection
Published	07/30/2024	Anti-HAV IgM lasts for {{c1::3-6}} monthsAnti HAV IgG lasts for life
Published	07/30/2024	HBV Infection Chronicity Threshold:HBsAg that lasts for >{{c1::24}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Anti-HBc IgG indicates immunity against Hepatitis B virus {{c1::False, only prior contact to virus::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Marker of recent infection for HBV infection {{c1::Anti-HBc IgM}}
Published	07/30/2024	First antigen to appear in the course of HBV infection {{c1::HBs Ag}}
Published	07/30/2024	Indicates immunity to infection of HBV {{c1::Anti-HBs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Interpret the HBV Assay ResultsHBsAG (+)Anti-HBs (-)Anti-HBc (-){{c1::Early acute HBV infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	Interpret the HBV Assay ResultsHBsAG (+)Anti-HBs (+/-)Anti-HBc (+){{c1::Acute/Chronic HBV Infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	Interpret the HBV Assay ResultsHBsAG (-)Anti-HBs (+)Anti-HBc (+){{c1::Previous HBV Infection + Immunity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Interpret the HBV Assay ResultsHBsAG (-)Anti-HBs (-)Anti-HBc (+){{c1::Actually, 4 things:Remove HBV infectionLow-Level HBV CarrierWindow between …
Published	07/30/2024	Interpret the HBV Assay ResultsHBsAG (-)Anti-HBs (+)Anti-HBc (-){{c1::Vaccinated against HBV}}
Published	07/30/2024	During the convalescent window period (3-6 months), you will see {{c1::Anti-HBc}}
Published	07/30/2024	HBV serologic marker that indicate high infectivity {{c1::HBeAg}}
Published	07/30/2024	HBcAg cannot be detected{{c1::True::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Screening test for HCV: {{c1::Anti-HCV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Confirmatory test for HCV: {{c1::HCV RNA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serologic marker for HDV infection {{c1::Anti-HDV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Confirmatory test for HEV infection {{c1::PCR detection of HEV RNA}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC]1. ASTc2. ASTm{{c2::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	ELEVATED {{c2::GGT & 5'-NT::2 markers}} indicates that elevated ALP is from the liver
Status	Last Update	Fields