Notes in 111 LEC 12

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Published	11/08/2023	Why do we need a cardiovascular system1. {{c1::O2 diffusion through tissue is slow}} 2. {{c1::O2 is consumed as it diffuses through tissue}} The vascu…
Published	11/08/2023	Aerated cell – {{c1::cell containing O2}} Hypoxic viable cell – {{c1::cells w/in 100 µm of aerated cell}} - O2 only reach cells within {{c1::100 µm fr…
Published	11/08/2023	Cardiac contractile activity produces {{c1::mechanical energy}} which propels {{c1::blood flow }}
Published	11/08/2023	the cardiovascular system has {{c1::two}} circuits the {{c1::systemic}} circuit – distributes O2 and nutrients to body + remove CO2 and waste the…
Published	11/08/2023	there are 5 major vessel types – {{c1::arteries}}, {{c1::arterioles}}, {{c1::capillaries}}, {{c1::venules}} and {{c1::veins}}
Published	11/08/2023	Arteries + arterioles carry {{c1::blood going away from heart (higher pressure)}} Veins + venules carry {{c1::blood coming to the heart (low pressure)…
Published	11/08/2023	blood flows from {{c1::high pressure arterial system}} (arteries → arterioles) to a {{c1::pressure gradient region}} (capillaries) to l{{c1::ow pressu…
Published	11/08/2023	what makes up arteries{{c1::Endothelium}} – {{c2::thin layer of cells}} - regulate {{c2:: caliber}} - target of {{c2::endogenous signals and drugs}} -…
Published	11/08/2023	Arterioles -- {{c1::Endothelium}} + {{c1::smooth muscle}} + {{c1::connective tissue coat}} Capillaries -- {{c2::Endothelium}}
Published	11/08/2023	Venules have 1. {{c1::Endothelium}} – inner layer of venules 2. {{c1::Connective tissue coat}}
Published	11/08/2023	Vein structures1. {{c1::Endothelium}} – thin layer of cells - {{c2::regulate caliber}} → {{c3::regulate amount of blood returning to heart}} 2. {{c1::…
Published	11/08/2023	Venous valve - job: {{c1::prevents backflow}} - Veins carry blood that flows from the {{c1::periphery}} to {{c1::heart}} - Venous blood flow is propel…
Published	11/08/2023	Arteries and veins are {{c1::irrigated}}- large vessels do not get O2 and nutrients from blood in their lumen- they have own irrigation system – {{c1:…
Published	11/08/2023	How the heart pumps blood through the vasculature 1. {{c1::Atrial contraction causes pressure to increase inside atria}} 2. {{c1::AV valves open and b…
Published	11/08/2023	Heart contraction transiently increases {{c1::artery blood pressure}} 1. {{c1::Systole}} – contraction {{c2::increases}} {{c3::intraventricular pressu…
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Muscle pump}} propels {{c2::venous blood flow}}- {{c1::skeletal muscle activity}} creates {{c2::local blood pumping}} - {{c1::Venous valves}} al…
Published	11/08/2023	The equation for blood flow is {{c1::F = P/R }} in other words {{c1::Flow = pressure gradient / resistance}} A higher {{c2::difference in pr…
Published	11/08/2023	Hagen Poiseuille’s law {{c1::}}Resistance is {{c2::proportional}} to {{c3::blood viscosity}} and {{c3::vessel length }}Resistance is {{c2::i…
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