Notes in 36 Obstetrics

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Published	12/13/2023	Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is associated with {{c1::pre-eclampsia}}
Published	12/13/2023	Surgery in pregnant patients are usually done in the {{c1::second}} trimester.
Published	12/13/2023	In an emergency, pre-oxygenation of a patient can be done by {{c1::taking 4 large breaths of 100% FiO2}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Pregnant patients are {{c1::more::more/less}} sensitive to the effects of local anesthetic agents.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the gestational age of a premature infant?{{c1::< 37 weeks}}
Published	12/13/2023	What laryngoscope handle is used for women with large breasts?{{c1::Datta (short handle)}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Relaxin::hormone}} is responsible for increased {{c2::AP diameter}} of a pregnant woman's chest.
Published	12/13/2023	How do levels of PaO2 change during pregnancy?{{c1::Increased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How do levels of HCO3- change during pregnancy?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the total lung capacity?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the vital capacity?{{c1::No change}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the closing capacity?{{c1::No change}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the O2 consumption?{{c1::Increased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the Mallampati score?{{c1::Increased}}
Published	12/13/2023	Uterine contraction increases preload via {{c1::autotransfusion}}.
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect the vascular resistance?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of axis deviation is seen in a pregnant patient?{{c1::Left axial deviation}}
Published	12/13/2023	What hormone is responsible for physiologic adaptions in pregnancy?{{c1::Progesterone}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does fibrinolysis change during pregnancy?{{c1::Increased}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the result of increased coagulation and increased fibrinolysis in pregnant patients?{{c1::Consumption coagulopathy}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does pregnancy affect epidural and subarachnoid volume?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	What hormone is responsible for increased gastric volume and decreased pH in pregnant woman?{{c1::Gastrin}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does gastric volume change in pregnancy?{{c1::Increased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does ICP change in pregnancy?{{c1::No change}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does gastric pH change in pregnancy?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does gastric motility change in pregnancy?{{c1::No change before onset of labor, decreased after labor begins}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the uterine blood flow during pregnancy (at term)?{{c1::700 mL/min (10% of CO)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does uterine blood flow autoregulate?{{c1::No!}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the formula for uterine blood flow?{{c1::}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does uterine contraction affect uterine blood flow?{{c1::Decreased blood flow (increased resistance)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of drugs cross the placenta?{{c1::Low}} molecular weight{{c2::High}} lipid solubility{{c3::Non-ionized::ionized/non-ionized}}{{c4::Non-polar…
Published	12/13/2023	Do local anesthetics cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do benzodiazepines cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does atropine cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do β-blockers cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does magnesium cross the placenta?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2023	Do neuromuscular blockers cross the placenta?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does glycopyrrolate cross the placenta?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	Does insulin cross the placenta?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	The third stage of labor involves the {{c1::delivery of the placenta}}.
Published	12/13/2023	According to the ASA guidelines for obstetric analgesia:Clear liquids: can be consumed {{c1::throughout labor}}Solid food: can be consumed {{c2::until…
Published	12/13/2023	Epidurals do not prolong the {{c1::first}} stage of labor.
Published	12/13/2023	Epidurals do not increase the risk of {{c1::C-section}}.
Published	12/13/2023	In a combined spinal-epidural (CSE), injection of saline into the {{c1::epidural}} space enhances the spread of local anesthetic.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Bupivacaine::local anesthetic}} exists as a racemic mixture.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c3::Ropivacaine}} is the {{c2::S}}-enantiomer of bupivacaine with a subtitution of a {{c1::propyl group}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Levo-bupivacaine}} is the {{c2::S}}-enantiomer of bupivacaine without any group substitutions.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Lidocaine::local anesthetic}} is not used for labor analgesia because it produces a dense motor block.
Published	12/13/2023	2-Chloroprocaine is metabolized by {{c1::pseudocholinesterase}}. .
Published	12/13/2023	What local anesthetic can cause arachnoiditis?{{c1::2-Chloroprocaine}}
Published	12/13/2023	What opioid possesses local anesthetic properties?{{c1::Meperidine}}
Published	12/13/2023	Neuraxial opioids due not allow for {{c1::perineal}} relaxation during labor.
Published	12/13/2023	Do local anesthetics or opioids produce more analgesia when administered neuraxially?{{c1::Local anesthetics}}
Published	12/13/2023	Continuous epidural infusion of {{c2::lidocaine::local anesthetic}} is associated with a higher incidence of {{c1::tachyphylaxis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What volume of local anesthetics should be administered for an epidural induction?{{c1::10-15 mL (divided doses)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What volume of local anesthetics should be administered for an epidural continuous infusion?{{c1::8-15 mL/hr}}
Published	12/13/2023	What etiology of a high/total spinal cannot be ruled out by negative aspiration or test dosing?{{c1::Injection of epidural dose into subdural space}}
Published	12/13/2023	A {{c3::single shot spinal}} after a failed {{c2::epidural}} block may cause a {{c1::total spinal}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What are the triad of symptoms in a high/total spinal?{{c1::Dyspnea::resp}}, {{c1::hypotension::CV}}, {{c1::loss of consciousness::neuro}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is a normal fetal heart rate?{{c1::110-160 bpm}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of maternal hypoxemia on fetal heart rate?{{c1::Bradycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of fetal hypoxemia on fetal heart rate?{{c1::Tachycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of fetal acidosis on fetal heart rate?{{c1::Bradycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of chorioamnionitis on fetal heart rate?{{c1::Tachycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of terbutaline on fetal heart rate?{{c1::Tachycardia}}
Published	12/13/2023	How do CNS depressants, hypoxemia, and acidosis affect fetal heart rate variability?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the cause of this?{{c1::Fetal head compression}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the cause of this?{{c1::Uteroplacental insufficiency}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the cause of this?{{c1::Umbilical cord compression}}
Published	12/13/2023	What type of fetal heart rate declerations are gradual?{{c1::Early and late}}
Published	12/13/2023	A category {{c2::I}} fetal heart rate has {{c1::moderate}} variability ± {{c1::early}} decelerations.
Published	12/13/2023	What category of fetal heart rate is characterized by bradycardia with normal variability?{{c1::Category II}}
Published	12/13/2023	What category of fetal heart rate is characterized by recurrent late decelerations?{{c1::Category III}}
Published	12/13/2023	Betamethasone has an onset within {{c1::18}} hours.
Published	12/13/2023	Betamethasone has a peak effect at {{c1::48}} hours.
Published	12/13/2023	What drug type is used to delay labor and allow corticosteroids to work?{{c1::Tocolytics}}
Published	12/13/2023	What drug type is used to prevent choroamnionitis?{{c1::Antibiotics}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::β2}} receptor stimulation increases {{c2::progesterone}} release.
Published	12/13/2023	β2-agonists cause {{c1::hyper}}-glycemia.
Published	12/13/2023	What magnesium level (mg/dL) is characterized by tetany or seizures?{{c1::<1.2}}
Published	12/13/2023	What magnesium level (mg/dL) is characterized by diminished DTRs and lethargy?{{c1::5-7}}
Published	12/13/2023	What magnesium level (mg/dL) is characterized by hypotension and loss of DTRs?{{c1::7-12}}
Published	12/13/2023	What magnesium level (mg/dL) is characterized by respiratory and cardiac arrest?{{c1::>12}}
Published	12/13/2023	How does magnesium affect ephedrine and phenylephrine?{{c1::Decreased responsiveness}}
Published	12/13/2023	What hormone is released after stimulation of the cervix, vagina, or breasts?{{c1::Oxytocin}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Pitocin}} is synthetic oxytocin.
Published	12/13/2023	When is oxytocin administered during a C-section?{{c1::After delivery of placenta}}
Published	12/13/2023	Rapid IV administration of oxytocin can cause {{c1::cardiovascular collapse}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Oxytocin has a half-life of {{c1::4}}-{{c1::17}} minutes.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of methergine?{{c1::0.2 mg IM}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of prostaglandin F2 (hemabate/carboprost)?{{c1::250 mcg IM/uterine injection}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the goal PaCO2 during C-section + general anesthesia?{{c1::30-32 mmHg}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the normal amniotic fluid volume?{{c1::700 mL}}
Published	12/13/2023	When should a patient be extubated after C-section + general anesthesia?{{c1::Fully awake (full stomach + risk for obstruction)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What trimester of pregnancy is associated with the highest risk of teratogenicity?{{c1::First}}
Published	12/13/2023	High-dose {{c1::diazepam}} in the 1st trimester of pregnancy can cause {{c2::cleft palate}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What allele increases the risk of preeclampsia?{{c1::Angiotensinogen T235}}
Published	12/13/2023	When do complications related to severe preeclampsia subside?{{c1::4 weeks postpartum}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose of magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia?Loading dose: {{c1::4}} g over 10 minutesInfusion: {{c2::1-2}} g/hr
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Fibrinoid}} necrosis is common in preeclampsia.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the β-blocker of choice in cocaine intoxication?{{c1::Labetalol (mixed α/β)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What vasopressor is used in chronic cocaine abusers?{{c1::Phenylephrine}}
Published	12/13/2023	Chronic cocaine abuse is associated with {{c1::thrombocytopenia}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The placenta normally implants in the {{c1::decidua}} of the {{c1::endometrium}}.
Published	12/13/2023	One risk factor for placenta accreta is a concomitant {{c1::placenta previa}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Placental abruption can cause an {{c1::amniotic fluid}} embolism, leading to {{c2::DIC}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Poly}}-hydramnios is a risk factor for uterine atony.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Multi}}-parity is a risk factor for uterine atony.
Published	12/13/2023	What device can be used to tamponade the uterus and treat postpartum hemmorhage?{{c1::Intrauterine balloon}}
Published	12/13/2023	When does breathing begin after delivery for a neonate?{{c1::30 seconds}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the SpO2 of a neonate immediately after delivery?{{c1::60%}}
Published	12/13/2023	If neonates require assisted ventilation, {{c1::room air::O2 %}} should be used.
Published	12/13/2023	How deep are compressions in a neonate?{{c1::1/3 chest depth}}
Published	12/13/2023	In neonatal resuscitation, the best indicator of adequate ventilation is resolution of {{c1::bradycardia}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What is the etiology of HR 60-100 in an neonate? Treatment?{{c1::Respiratory → PPV}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the etiology of HR < 60 in an neonate? Treatment?{{c1::Cardiac → CPR}}
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