Notes in 26 Urinary Tract Disease

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Published	07/30/2024	When the kidneys fail, there is an accumulation of urea, creatinine and other toxins referred to as the {{c1::uremic metabolites::Term}}
Published	07/30/2024	Significance of Kidneys on Blood formation {{c1::EPO synthesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cardiac activity regulation function of kidneys{{c1::Potassium balance}}
Published	07/30/2024	70-80% of filtered blood in the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the {{c1::proximal convoluted tubules::Renal tubule segment}}
Published	07/30/2024	Threshold structure for the lower urinary tract{{c1::Ureter until urethra}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine urine output volume for each classification Oliguria: {{c2::400-500 mL/day}}Anuria: {{c1::100 mL/day}}
Published	07/30/2024	Three Types of Acute Renal Injury{{c1::Pre-renal (systemic)Renal (intrinsic)Post-renal (Urinary tract)}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Kidney Injury/Disease duration Occurs in a matter of hours to daysA. Acute kidney  injury B. Acute kidney diseaseC. Chronic kidney…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Kidney Injury/Disease duration Occurs for 7 to 90 daysA. Acute kidney  injury B. Acute kidney diseaseC. Chronic kidney disease{{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Kidney Injury/Disease duration Occurs for >3 monthsA. Acute kidney  injury B. Acute kidney diseaseC. Chronic kidney disease{{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAcute kidney injury is reversible {{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FChronic kidney injury is irreversible{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Serum creatinine2. Likelihood of kidney disease{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Risk Factor of CKD1. Small for gestational age babies2. Large for gestational age babies{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	#1 cause of CKD in the world{{c1::Diabetes mellitus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Important comorbidity to ask in the history if you consider CKD{{c1::Diabetes mellitus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hallmark urinary finding of CKD of cast in urinalysis {{c1::Broad casts}}
Published	07/30/2024	Form of CKD associated with enlarged kidneys {{c1::Polycystic kidney disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give comorbidities with CKD associated with normal sized kidneys {{c1::DiabetesHIVAmyloidosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	GFR after 30 y/o{{c1::Approximately 1 mL/min loss}}
Published	07/30/2024	Signs and Symptoms of CKD{{c1::Anemia Bone painsPruritus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Signs and Symptoms of Advanced CKD{{c1::UremiaAlteration in sleep-wake cycleVomiting NauseaWeakness}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Characterized by 1-2 g/24 hr of proteinuria1. Nephritic syndrome 2. Nephrotic syndrome {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Characterized by >3.0 g/24 hr of proteinuria1. Nephritic syndrome 2. Nephrotic syndrome {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Also termed as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis1. Nephritic syndrome 2. Nephrotic syndrome {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Documented hematuria/RBC casts/pyuria1. Nephritic syndrome2. Nephrotic syndrome {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Manifests as bubbly/frothy urine on urinalysis1. Nephritic syndrome2. Nephrotic syndrome {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Rapidly increasing serum creatinine1. Nephritic syndrome 2. Nephrotic syndrome{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Documented azotemia1. Nephritic syndrome 2. Nephrotic syndrome{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Second most common cause of CKD next to diabetes{{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of kidney diseases associated with intake of Chinese herbs/Aristolochic acid {{c1::Renal tubule/Tubulointerstitial disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tubulointerstitial disease symptoms {{c1::PolyuriaNocturiaElectroyle imbalance}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FUric Acid stones can be seen on x-ray {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Suspect presence of {{c1::stones}} if there is hydronephrosis
Published	07/30/2024	Type of pain associated with neprholithiasis {{c1::Renal colic - flank pain}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Frequency, urgency, dysuria1. UTI - Local infection 2. UTI - Systemic infection {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Frequency, urgency, dysuria1. UTI - Local infection 2. UTI - Systemic infection {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Lumbar lordosis presentation 1. Obesity 2. Anascara{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Swelling of extremities presentation 1. Obesity 2. Anascara{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Edema from throughout the day 1. Cardiac origin 2. Renal origin {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Edema that initiates in afternoon until evening1. Cardiac origin 2. Renal origin {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Positive finding in asterixis{{c1::Tremors}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaHx: Dyspnea on exertion and PNDA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaHx: Ethanol abuse with ascitesA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaHx: Localized in periorbital area and oliguria A. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaPE: Chest crackles & Cyanosis A. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaPE: Spider angioma & Caput medusaeA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Principal cause of edemaPE: Ammoniacal breath & Pericardial friction rubA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Localization of edemaPedal edema A. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::All of the above}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Localization of edemaPeriorbital edemaA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Localization of edemaAscitesA. CardiacB. HepaticC. Renal {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give 2 primary diagnosis for unilateral lower extremity edema{{c1::DVTLymphadema}}
Published	07/30/2024	Associated diagnosis with  (+) Stemmer sign {{c1::Lymphadema}}
Published	07/30/2024	Testing for pitting involves applying firm pressure to the edematous tissue for at least {{c1::5}} seconds
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Grading of Edema Disappears in 10-15 secondsA. 1+B. 2+C. 3+D. 4+{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Grading of Edema May last more than a minute or twoA. 1+B. 2+C. 3+D. 4+{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Grading of Edema Extremity is grossly distorted and lasts 2-5 minsA. 1+B. 2+C. 3+D. 4+{{c1::D}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Grading of Edema on area of involement Both feet and anklesA. 1+B. 2+C. 3+{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Grading of Edema on area of involement Both feet plus lower legs, hands, or lower armsA. 1+B. 2+C. 3+{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical hallmark of lymphadenopathy {{c1::Subcutaneous thickening cutaneous fibrosisPeau d'orange(+) Stemmer sign}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of edema seen among px with hypothyroidism (few on hyperthyroidsim){{c1::Pretibial Myxedema - Coarse, dry skin with bilateral leg non-pittin…
Published	07/30/2024	Two disorders that present with non-pitting edema{{c1::LymphedemaPretibial Myxedema}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SSx associated with Renal diagnosesPain during urinationA. UTIB. Nephrotic syndromeC. Metabolic acidosisD. Advanced renal failure E. Pyelone…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SSx associated with Renal diagnosesShortness of BreathA. UTIB. Nephrotic syndromeC. Metabolic acidosisD. Advanced renal failure E. Pyeloneph…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SSx associated with Renal diagnosesFatigue, Anemia and/or UremiaA. UTIB. Nephrotic syndromeC. Metabolic acidosisD. Advanced renal failure E.…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. SSx associated with Renal diagnosesFlank or Back PainA. UTIB. Nephrotic syndromeC. Metabolic acidosisD. Advanced renal failure E. Pyelonephr…
Published	07/30/2024	Give causes of transient proteinuria {{c1::FeverEmotional stresDehdyration Heavy exercise}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Pathologic proteinuria Overflow proteinuria A. Multiple myelomaB. Primary glomerulonephritisC. Tubulointerstitial nephritisD. UTI{…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Pathologic proteinuria Glomerular proteinuria A. Multiple myelomaB. Primary glomerulonephritisC. Tubulointerstitial nephritisD. UT…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Pathologic proteinuria Tubular proteinuriaA. Multiple myelomaB. Primary glomerulonephritisC. Tubulointerstitial nephritisD. UTI{{c1::C}…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Pathologic proteinuria Post-renal proteinuriaA. Multiple myelomaB. Primary glomerulonephritisC. Tubulointerstitial nephritisD. UTI{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathologic vector associated with blue green urine color and odor {{c1::Pseudomonas infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	Renal disease associated with tea-colored urine {{c1::Glomerulonephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Renal disease associated with muddy brown color {{c1::Acute Kidney Injury secondary to Acute Tubular Necrosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Renal disease associated with cola colored urine{{c1::Hemolytic anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathologic RBC/hpf count in urine {{c1::≥ 2 RBCs/hpf}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Absence of clot 1. Glomerular origin hematuria2. Extra-glomerular origin hematuria{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. < 500mg/day1. Glomerular origin hematuria2. Extra-glomerular origin hematuria{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Dysmoprhic RBCs1. Glomerular origin hematuria2. Extra-glomerular origin hematuria{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Absent RBC cast1. Glomerular origin hematuria2. Extra-glomerular origin hematuria{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Red or Pink Urine1. Glomerular origin hematuria2. Extra-glomerular origin hematuria{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enumerate possible lesions associated with transient initial hematuria {{c1::UrethritisStrictureMeatal stenosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Suprapubic pain1. Lower UTI 2. Upper UTI {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Flank pain1. Lower UTI 2. Upper UTI {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two causes of painful hematuria{{c1::NephrolithiasisUTI}}
Published	07/30/2024	PE to consider in px with hematuria {{c1::PallorPetechiaeSuprapubic tendernessBilateral enlarged kidneys}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::400 – 500mL::volume}} is the minimum amount of urine the kidneys need to excrete in order to remove the metabolic waste products
Published	07/30/2024	Increase in serum creatinine and BUN due to the retention of nitrogenous waste products (asymptomatic){{c1::Azotemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Prerenal cause of Acute renal failure {{c1::volume depletion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Postrenal cause of Acute renal failure {{c1::Unilateral/Bilateral obstruction}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FNot all px with renal failure will present with oliguria {{c1::True - reabsorb less in the tubules}}
Published	07/30/2024	Polyuria excretion of {{c1::>3}} liters of urine in 24 hours
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Central Diabetes Insipidus1. Osmotic diuresis2. Water diuresis{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Diabetes Mellitus1. Osmotic diuresis2. Water diuresis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Patients given with Mannitol1. Osmotic diuresis2. Water diuresis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Ureter stone obstruction pain location Lateral flank to the abdominal regionA. Proximal ureteral stoneB. Midportion of ureterC. Distal urete…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Ureter stone obstruction pain location Pain at the pelvis to inguinal canal/inner thighA. Proximal ureteral stoneB. Midportion of ureterC. D…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Ureter stone obstruction pain location Radiates to the left lower quadrantA. Proximal ureteral stoneB. Midportion of ureterC. Distal uretera…
Published	07/30/2024	Type of stone passed by px with distal renal tubular acidosis or primary hyperparathyroidism {{c1::Calcium phosphate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of stone passed by px with infection {{c1::Struvite / Triple phosphate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Persistently low urine pH is associated with {{c1::uric acid}} stones
Published	07/30/2024	Pain on urination, felt as a burning sensation{{c1::Dysuria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Common associated pathology of dysuria among men px {{c1::Prostate problems }}
Published	07/30/2024	Associated pathology of dysuria among women px {{c1::Infection (bacteria)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Urinary tract affected with cystitis{{c1::Urinary bladder}}
Published	07/30/2024	The normal capacity of the bladder is {{c1::400 ml::volume}}
Published	07/30/2024	Frequency of waking up at night to void to consider nocturia{{c1::> 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Familiarize symptoms of Obstructive Bladder {{c1::HesitancyWeak StreamIntermittencyAbdominal strainingTerminal dribbling Urinary retention}}
Published	07/30/2024	Percussion note of distended bladder{{c1::Dull}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential Diagnosis for Prostatism{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Unusual intense and immediate desire to void caused by hyperactivity and irritability of the bladder{{c1::Urgency}}
Published	07/30/2024	Patient is able to control temporarily the sudden need to void, but loss of small amounts of urine may occur{{c1::Urgency incontinence}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Types of Urinary IncontinenceOccurs when urgency is followed by immediate involuntary leakage to uncontrolled detrusor contractionsA. Urge incont…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Types of Urinary IncontinenceLeakage of urine when increased abdominal pressure causes bladder pressure to exceed urethral sphincter toneA. Urge …
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Types of Urinary IncontinenceLoss of urine when neurologic disorder or anatomic obstruction from pelvic organs or prostateA. Urge incontinenceB. …
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Types of Urinary IncontinenceIntact urinary tract but factors like impaired cognitive abilities, immobility or musculoskeletal impairments lead t…
Published	07/30/2024	Among thew 4 types of incontinence, only {{c1::OVERFLOW}} incontinence presents with palpable bladder
Published	07/30/2024	Give drugs classes that can induce urinary incontinence{{c1::SedativesTranquilizersAnticholinergicsSympathetic blockersDiuretics}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hyponatremia symptoms{{c1::NauseaVomitingSeizureComa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypernatremia symptoms{{c1::Mild confusion LethargySeizureDeep coma}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Associated with high HR and thready pulse1. Hypovolemia2. Hypervolemia {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Hypertension, increased JVP, edema1. Hypovolemia2. Hypervolemia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Plasma conc <135 mmol/L1. Hyponatremia2. Hypernatremia{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Plasma conc >145 mmol/L1. Hyponatremia2. Hypernatremia{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hypokalemia plasma conc of {{c1::<3.6}} mmol/L
Published	07/30/2024	Prominent ECG wave finding of hypokalemia {{c1::Absent T wave}}
Published	07/30/2024	Symptoms associated with hypokalemia{{c1::WeaknessParalysis that initiates in lower extremitiesIleusFlattened T waves or prominent U waves}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diuretic class of drugs associated with hypokalemia {{c1::Thiazides - furosemide}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Hypokalemia 1. Metabolic acidosis2. Metabolic alkalosis{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Increased distal Na delivery 2. Hypokalemia{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Mg serum 2. K serum {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hyperkalemia K conc. of  {{c1::>5.5 mmol/L}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Hyperglycemia 1. Hypokalemia2. Hyperkalemia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Patients on insulin or steroids1. Hypokalemia2. Hyperkalemia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Rhabdomyolysis1. Hypokalemia2. Hyperkalemia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Respiratory depression 1. Hyperkalemia2. Hypokalemia {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	PR interval presentation with hyperkalemia 6 mmol/L{{c1::Prolonged PR interval}}
Published	07/30/2024	QRS complex presentation with hyperkalemia 8 mmol/L{{c1::Prolonged}}
Published	07/30/2024	Kidney diseases associated with proteinuria {{c1::GlomerulonephritisDM nephropathy}}
Published	07/30/2024	If gout is the cause of arthritis, it can cause {{c1::Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy}} due to uric acid crystals
Published	07/30/2024	NSAIDs can cause vasocontriction of {{c2::afferent arterioles::vessel}} - causing {{c1::CKD::Kidney pathology}}
Published	07/30/2024	Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) dilate {{c1::efferent arteriole::vessel}} , decreasing GFR
Published	07/30/2024	Palpable kidneys possible diagnosis{{c1::Polycystic kidney disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	CVA tenderness possible diagnosis {{c1::Pyelonephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Kussmaul's respiration1. Metabolic acidosis2. Metabolic akalosis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Skin that is not really jaundiced but appears to be a little yellow or brown town{{c1::Sallow skin}}
Status	Last Update	Fields