Notes in D.2. Peripheral B and T cell Neoplasms

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Published	10/21/2024	What is the primary difference between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the diagnostic requirement for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the most common leukemia of adults in the western world?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the median age at diagnosis for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the male-to-female ratio in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Published	10/21/2024	What are the most common genetic anomalies in CLL?
Published	10/21/2024	Which microRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLL through deletion on chromosome 13?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the result of the loss of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in CLL?
Published	10/21/2024	Where is the growth of CLL cells primarily confined to?
Published	10/21/2024	Which factors are expressed by stromal cells in the proliferation centers in CLL?
Published	10/21/2024	What signaling pathway is triggered by the B-cell receptor in CLL, and which kinase is involved?
Published	10/21/2024	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) differ only in the degree of {{c1::peripheral blood lymphocytosis}}.
Published	10/21/2024	The diagnostic requirement for CLL is an absolute lymphocyte count greater than {{c1::5000/mm³}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common {{c1::leukemia of adults in the western world}}.
Published	10/21/2024	The median age at diagnosis for CLL is {{c1::60 years}}.
Published	10/21/2024	The most common genetic anomalies in CLL include deletions of {{c1::13q14.3, 11q, and 17p}} and trisomy {{c2::12q}}.
Published	10/21/2024	The loss of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in CLL leads to the overexpression of {{c1::BCL2}}, an anti-apoptotic protein.
Published	10/21/2024	In CLL, the growth of tumor cells is largely confined to {{c1::proliferation centers}}, where they receive critical cues from the microenvironment.
Published	10/21/2024	Lymph nodes in CLL/SLL are diffusely effaced by predominantly {{c1::small lymphocytes}} with round to slightly irregular nuclei, condensed chromatin, …
Published	10/21/2024	The presence of {{c1::loose aggregates of larger activated lymphocytes}} in proliferation centers is pathognomonic for CLL/SLL.
Published	10/21/2024	What type of cells are commonly seen in peripheral blood smears of CLL patients?
Published	10/21/2024	What 4 immunophenotype markers are expressed in CLL/SLL?
Published	10/21/2024	What protein is expressed at high levels in CLL/SLL?
Published	10/21/2024	What percentage of CLL/SLL patients present with generalized lymphadenopathy (LAD) and hepatosplenomegaly?
Published	10/21/2024	Monoclonal lymphocytosis of uncertain significance refers to asymptomatic patients with monoclonal B cells in the peripheral blood that progress to sy…
Published	10/21/2024	What are some complications of CLL/SLL due to disruption of normal immune function?
Published	10/21/2024	Genetic abnormalities that correlate with worse outcomes in CLL/SLL include deletions of {{c1::11q and 17p}}, lack of somatic hypermutation, expressio…
Published	10/21/2024	CLL/SLL has a tendency to transform into a more aggressive tumor, {{c1::diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)}}, also known as {{c2::Richter syndrome}…
Published	10/21/2024	What is the most common form of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the United States?
Published	10/21/2024	At what age does Follicular Lymphoma typically present, and what is the gender distribution?
Published	10/21/2024	What does the KMT2D gene encode, and what is its role?
Published	10/21/2024	What is the characteristic growth pattern seen in the lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with Follicular Lymphoma?
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Centrocytes}} are small cells with irregular or cleaved nuclear contours and scant cytoplasm seen in Follicular Lymphoma.
Published	10/21/2024	Bone marrow involvement occurs in 85% of {{c1::Follicular Lymphoma}} cases and takes the form of {{c2::paratrabecular lymphoid aggregat…
Published	10/21/2024	Immunophenotypically, Follicular Lymphoma expresses {{c1::CD19, CD20, CD10, surface Ig, BCL6, and BCL2}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Follicular Lymphoma often presents with painless, generalized {{c1::lymphadenopathy (LAD)}}.
Published	10/21/2024	The usual approach to therapy for Follicular Lymphoma is {{c1::palliative}}.
Published	10/21/2024	In 30 to 50% of cases, Follicular Lymphoma transforms into {{c1::diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Transformation of Follicular Lymphoma is frequently associated with aberrations that increase the expression of {{c1::MYC}}.
Published	10/21/2024	{{c2::Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)}} is the most common form of {{c1::non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Genetic, gene expression profiling, and immunohistochemistry studies indicate that DLBCL is molecularly {{c1::heterogeneous}}.
Published	10/21/2024	Dysregulation of {{c1::BCL6}} is common in DLBCL and is required for the formation of normal germinal centers.
Published	10/21/2024	Translocations involving {{c1::BCL6}} at chromosome {{c2::3q27}} occur in {{c3::30%}} of DLBCL cases.
Published	10/21/2024	Acquired mutations in the {{c1::BCL6 promoter sequences}} also contribute to DLBCL pathogenesis.
Published	10/21/2024	BCL6 dysregulation and mutations are often by-products of {{c1::somatic hypermutations}}, which lead to overexpression of {{c2::BCL6}}.
Published	10/21/2024	BCL6 represses factors that promote {{c1::germinal center B-cell differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis}}, contributing to DLBCL development.
Published	10/21/2024	About 10-20% of DLBCL cases are associated with a {{c2::t(14;18)}} translocation, which leads to overexpression of {{c1::BCL2}}.
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