Notes in Case 1: Acute Leukemia

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Published	12/08/2023	Acute leukemias are typically associated with {{c1::increased}} circulating WBCs
Published	12/08/2023	The blasts seen in acute leukemia are {{c2::large::size}}, immature cells, often with "punched out" {{c1::nucleoli}}
Published	12/08/2023	Acute leukemia is subdivided into {{c1::ALL}} or {{c1::AML}} based on the phenotype of the blasts
Published	12/08/2023	ALL is a neoplastic accumulation of {{c1::lymphoblasts}} (>20%) in the bone marrow
Published	12/08/2023	B-ALL with t({{c3::12}};{{c3::21}}) has a(n) {{c1::good}} prognosis and is more commonly seen in {{c2::children}}
Published	12/08/2023	B-ALL with t({{c3::9}};{{c3::22}}) has a(n) {{c1::poor}} prognosis and is more commonly seen in {{c2::adults::age group}}
Published	12/08/2023	T-ALL is characterized by lymphoblasts (TdT+) that express markers ranging from CD{{c1::2}} to CD{{c1::8}}
Published	12/08/2023	AML is a neoplastic accumulation of {{c1::myeloblasts}} (>20%) in the bone marrow
Published	12/08/2023	Myeloblasts may have crystal aggregates of {{c2::myeloperoxidase (MPO)}}, which are seen on blood smear as {{c1::Auer rods}}
Published	12/08/2023	One subtype of AML is {{c1::acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)}}, which is characterized by t({{c2::15}};{{c2::17}})
Published	12/08/2023	The t(15;17) translocation seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia results in disruption of the {{c1::retinoic acid}} receptor on chromosome 17
Published	12/08/2023	The t({{c3::9}};{{c3::22}}) translocation generates a(n) {{c1::BCR-ABL fusion::specific}} protein with increased {{c2::tyrosine kinase}} activity
Published	12/08/2023	MDS has progressed into {{c1::AML}} once {{c2::20% or more of the cells in bone marrow are blasts}}
Published	12/08/2023	Olaparib is a {{c1::PARP inhibitor::type of drug}} and is associated with an increased risk of {{c2::MDS and AML}}
Published	12/08/2023	K-RAS is a(n) {{c1::oncogene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	FLT3 is a(n) {{c1::oncogene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	JAK1 is a(n) {{c1::oncogene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	DNMT3A is a(n) {{c1::tumor suppressor gene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	SETD2 is a(n) {{c1::tumor suppressor gene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	PTEN is a(n) {{c1::tumor suppressor gene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	TP53 is a(n) {{c1::tumor suppressor gene::oncogene/tumor suppressor gene}}
Published	12/08/2023	t(15;17) is associated with {{c1::acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)}}
Published	12/08/2023	t(9;22) is associated with {{c1::ALL, especially in adults}}
Published	01/02/2024	Dasatinib is a {{c1::TK inhibitor}} that inhibits {{c2::BCR-ABL}} fusion protein from the {{c2::Ph chromosome}}
Published	01/02/2024	Prednisone MOA:Inhibits {{c1::phospholipase A2}}, which decreases the formation of {{c4::arachidonic acid}} derivatives --> inhibits {{c2::NF-κB an…
Published	01/02/2024	Asparaginase MOA: depletes plasma {{c1::Asp}} by converting {{c3::L-Asp}} to {{c3::L-aspartic acid}} + NH3, leading to reduced {{c2::DNA}}, {{c2::RNA}…
Published	01/02/2024	Daunorubicin MOA: Forms complexes with DNA by {{c1::intercalation}} between base pairs and inhibits {{c2::topoisomerase II}} activity
Published	01/02/2024	Vincristine MOA: thought to be due primarily to inhibition of {{c1::mitosis}} at {{c1::metaphase}} through its interaction with {{c2::tubulin}}.
Published	01/02/2024	Methotrexate MOA:{{c1::folic acid}} analog, Increases intracellular formation of {{c2::polyglutamate}} metabolites within cancer cells
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