Notes in PBL

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Published	08/11/2023	HIPAA: {{c1::health insurance portability and accountability act}}- federal law that ensures patient medical data remains private and secure→ {{c…
Published	08/11/2023	physicians have a legal and ethical obligation to preserve the privacy and confidentiality of information gathered through the care of the patien…
Published	08/11/2023	measures that are necessary for the clinic to employ to be compliant:- {{c1::minimum necessary}} rule: only share the minimum amount of pati…
Published	08/11/2023	staff that should have access to a patient’s records:- all healthcare {{c1::providers}} involved with the patient’s care: PCP, nurses, referred {{c2::…
Published	08/11/2023	common measures to keep patient's data confidential- use {{c1::electronic}} medical records (allows for password protection, authorized access, built-…
Published	08/11/2023	legal consequences of poor adherence to confidentiality- risk of lawsuits from patients and/or their families- punitive {{c1::fines}} (depending on le…
Published	08/11/2023	common barriers to patient access healthcare- limited {{c1::availability}} of healthcare itself: physician shortages, geographical {{c2::isolation}} i…
Published	08/11/2023	options for doctors to promote access to healthcare- educate self and raise {{c3::awareness}} about barriers across institution - {{c1::simp…
Published	08/11/2023	differential diagnosis of epigastric abdominal pain*{{c1::epigastric}} region is the upper central region of the abdomen→ cardiac, pancreatic, and gas…
Published	08/11/2023	physical exam for a patient with epigastric abdominal pain- {{c1::visual}} inspection: look for...→ distension: contour of abdominal wall (swelli…
Published	08/11/2023	factors that can exacerbate abdominal pain:- environmental factors: pollution, allergies, cigarette {{c2::smoke}}, alcohol, caffeine- behavioral facto…
Published	08/11/2023	useful approaches to address patients without clear biomedical diagnosis- extended {{c1::appointment}} times to allow for proper, in-depth conversatio…
Published	08/14/2023	{{c1::Near miss}}: an unsafe situation that doesn’t have an adverse outcome→ the patient is still exposed to a hazardous situation, but does not exper…
Published	08/14/2023	{{c1::Adverse}} events refer to harm from medical care rather than an underlying disease→ {{c2::preventable}} adverse events: those that occurred due …
Published	08/14/2023	{{c1::Heuristics}} provide shortcuts in problem solving and clinical decision making→ when they {{c2::succeed}}: decisions can be made quickly → accur…
Published	08/14/2023	major types of biases{{c1::anchoring}} bias: tendency to fixate on specific features of a presentation too early in diagnostic process, and to base th…
Published	08/14/2023	Types of PAEs ({{c1::preventable adverse events}})Error of {{c2::commission}}: occurs when a mistaken action harms a patient either because it was the…
Published	08/14/2023	{{c1::premature closure}}: the tendency to stop considering other possibilities after reaching a diagnosis*most common source of error
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