Notes in Lectures

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/24/2023	{{c1::Clinical reasoning}} is the collection of cognitive processes through which a clinician evaluates, manages, communicates about a patient’s healt…
Published	08/21/2023	Diagnosis: {{c1::iterative}} info gathering & hypothesis testing
Published	08/21/2023	{{c1::Illness script}} is known knowledge about a particular disease
Published	08/21/2023	{{c1::Diagnostic schema}} is an organized framework that helps organize thinking and info gathering in the evaluation of an unexplained health problem…
Published	08/21/2023	{{c1::Differential diagnosis}}: prioritized list of possible diagnoses for a particular patient at a given point in time {{c2::Diagnostic schema}}: a…
Published	08/21/2023	Components of Diagnostic Reasoning• Data gathering (some habitual, some hypothesis-driven) • Initial {{c2::hypothesis}} generation (differential dx) •…
Published	08/21/2023	Medicine is...... {{c2::uncertain}}: two excellent, experienced reasoners can reach different conclusions from the same data ... {{c1::probabilistic}}…
Published	08/22/2023	remembering something about a patient that has nothing do with their medical care → treats patient as a {{c1::person}}, not just as a casesit and enga…
Published	08/25/2023	{{c1::AI (artificial intelligence)}} is a technique which enables machines to mimic human intelligence and behaviors.{{c2::ML (machine learning)}} is …
Published	08/22/2023	Traditional programming- simple "if, then" logic- follows specific rules and gives {{c2::predictable}} output- if more complex, more rules are require…
Published	08/24/2023	common healthcare inputs and outputs of AI:- clinical records (EHR)- secondary analyses (of clinical data sets)- data from wearables and other devices…
Published	08/22/2023	Classification of {{c1::software as medical device}} (SaMD):- algorithm that is ‘{{c2::locked}}’ so that its function does not change- algorithm …
Published	08/24/2023	{{c1::bias}} and error can result at any point in the medical AI/ML development pipeline:→ have ethical {{c2::consequences}} for patient care quality,…
Published	08/22/2023	Biases impact how people use AI:- algorithmic {{c1::aversion}}: distrust in AI advice - algorithmic {{c2::appreciation}}: preferring AI over huma…
Published	08/23/2023	who pays physicians for healthcare in USA?patients- self-pay model- no {{c2::money}} = no care*exception: emergency care under {{c1::EMTALA}}governmen…
Published	08/23/2023	Medicare vs MedicaidMedicare- {{c1::Federal::Federal or State?}} Program - Coverage based on age ({{c3::65}}+) and disability - Specific diagnoses ar…
Published	08/23/2023	Texas Medicaid- under ACA, nationwide Medicaid expansion to {{c1::138}}% of federal poverty line (FPL)... but not Texas- eligibility: low {{c2::income…
Published	08/23/2023	Private insurance*not related to government at all - Model 1: {{c1::Employment}} Benefit - Model 2: Government {{c2::Marketplace}}→ people c…
Published	08/23/2023	Private Insurance DefinitionsYou pay your {{c1::PREMIUM}} every month to have insurance.You pay the {{c2::ALLOWED AMOUNT}} for all your care…
Published	08/23/2023	Payers pay through standard {{c4::fee-for-service}} model*{{c1::Relative Value Unit (RVU)}} - standard measure of value to compare all kinds of health…
Published	08/24/2023	Challenges in the fee-for-service model: → {{c1::negotation}} creates a lot of middle men in between: coders/billers on hospital size to ensure p…
Published	08/23/2023	Value-based care- looks at {{c1::quality}} of healthcare we are getting (outcomes + patient {{c2::experience}}) per dollar we are spending (direct and…
Published	08/23/2023	measuring quality of healthcare→ {{c1::Outcome}} - Ex: Control of BP→ {{c2::Process}} - Ex: Cancer Screenings→ {{c3::Structure}} - Ex: Staff…
Published	08/23/2023	How do these payments reach the physicians?{{c1::Capitation}}: paying a set amount of money to care for a specific patient or condition, regardless of…
Published	08/23/2023	Challenges to payment based on quality of care- getting to quality measures is the main goal, even if it does not help the patients that are most {{c1…
Published	08/23/2023	New payment models for healthcare{{c1::Accountable care organization}}: create bigger organizations that cross specialities/disciplines (like hospital…
Published	08/23/2023
Published	08/24/2023	imperative to think about thinking because {{c1::diagnostic}} errors are highly prevalent • system-related factors in 65% • cognitive factors in 74%•…
Published	08/24/2023	Cognitive {{c1::pause}} and self-{{c2::questioning/reflection}} can help in preventing medical errors
Published	08/24/2023	personal reflection via {{c3::gratitude}} journaling- evidence-based intervention - decreases: depression, anxiety, stress, and cortisol - i…
Status	Last Update	Fields