Notes in 01 Ovarian, Endometrial, & Menstrual Cycle

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Estrogen::hormone}} is responsible for thickening of endometrial lining{{c1::Progesterone::hormone}} is responsible for its sloughing off
Published	07/30/2024	GnRH → {{c1::FSH}} & {{c1::LH}}{{c1::FSH}} → {{c2::granulosa}} cells to secrete {{c3::E & inhibin}}{{c1::LH}} → {{c2::theca}} cells to secrete…
Published	07/30/2024	Two-Cell-Two-Gonadotropic Theory - Androgens released by the theca cells are turned into estrogen by the {{c1::aromatase}} enzyme in the granulosa cel…
Published	07/30/2024	Initially, {{c1::estrogen}} produces a ({{c2::-}}) feedback to the {{c3::anterior pituitary::organ}}. After sometime, it produces a ({{c2::+}}) feedba…
Published	07/30/2024	After ovulation, the corpus luteum is made which produces {{c1::progesterone}} → produces ({{c2::-}}) feedback to {{c1::hypothalamus and anterior pitu…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. FSH2. Mature follicle size{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] During the later (+) feedback of FSH and LH1. FSH2. LH{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The menstrual cycle is composed of the {{c1::endometrial and ovarian::2}} cycles
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::follicular}} and {{c1::proliferative}} phases are {{c1::variable::variable/fixed}} and are {{c2::estrogen::hormone}} predominant
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::luteal}} and {{c1::secretory}} phases are {{c1::fixed::variable/fixed}} and are {{c2::progesterone::hormone}} predominant
Published	07/30/2024	WITHOUT fertilization, the corpus luteum will decrease in size, atrophy, and dieWITH fertilization, the corpus luteum will continue to secrete {{c1::p…
Published	07/30/2024	Menstruation will occur and is brought about by pseudoinflammatory events. {{c1::IL-8, MCP-1 and monocytes}} will promote infiltration of neutrophils …
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Menstrual Cycle Length28 ± {{c1::7}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Menstruation Duration{{c1::3-7}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Menstruation Amount{{c1::20-80}} mL
Published	07/30/2024	The reproductive life of females is around {{c1::33.3}} years
Published	07/30/2024	Gonadotropin {{c1::ind}}ependent follicular growth occurs before pubertyGonadotropin {{c1::d}}ependent follicular growth occurs after puberty
Published	07/30/2024	Gonadotropin independent growth is due to {{c1::Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15)::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gonadotropin independent follicular growth allows reaching the {{c1::primary or preantral}} follicle w/o FSH or LH
Published	07/30/2024	Gonadotropin dependent follicular growth allows reaching the {{c1::secondary or antral}} follicle w/ FSH or LH
Published	07/30/2024	There are 3 events that occur during follicular phase:{{c1::Semisyncrhonous growth of a cohort of antral folliclesThe selection of a dominant graafian…
Published	07/30/2024	Why is 1 graafian follicle selected to mature out of a cohort?{{c1::Granulosa cells from the dominant follicle produce estrogen which causes the initi…
Published	07/30/2024	One characteristic change of the dominant follicle is the formation of the {{c1::theca}} cell layer
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Inhibin}} causes the initial (-) feedback to the anterior pituitary to produce less FSH
Published	07/30/2024	Dominant follicle of {{c1::18}} mm above indicates that this is a mature follicle
Published	07/30/2024	Ovulation occurs {{c1::14}} days from the start of the last NORMAL menstrual period
Published	07/30/2024	Initial rise of LH occurs {{c1::34-36}} hours before ovulationEstradiol peak occurs {{c2::24}} hours before ovulationLH peak occurs {{c1::10-12}} hour…
Published	07/30/2024	During ovulation, there is also a rupture of the follicular wall weakened by proteases and the release of the {{c1::cumulus oocyte complex (COC)}}&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	The development of the corpus luteum is called {{c1::luteinization}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main changes during the luteal phase:{{c1::NeovascularizationHypertrophy to increase capacity of synthesize hormones}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lifespan of the corpus luteum is {{c1::14}} days and is dependent on {{c2::LH and hCG::2 hormone}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LH (during the luteal phase) and hCG (during pregnancy)::hormones}} bind to {{c2::LH}} receptors on {{c3::granulosa-lutein}} cells to produce {{…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::17B estradiol (E2)}} is the most potent form of estrogen
Published	07/30/2024	There are two types of estrogen receptors both seen in the endometrium:{{c1::ER𝝰ER𝛃}}
Published	07/30/2024	There are two types of progesterone receptors both seen in the endometrium:{{c1::PR𝝰PR𝛃::identify which one is responsible for most glandular secretio…
Published	07/30/2024	An important feature that will tell histologically that progesterone is already in the system or when ovulation has started is {{c1::glycogen accumula…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Functionalis}} layer has {{c2::spiral}} arteries{{c1::Basalis}} layer has {{c2::basal}} arteries
Published	07/30/2024	The endometrium also contains glands which are {{c1::elongated}} during the proliferative phase and {{c1::convoluted}} during secretory phase
Published	07/30/2024	The proliferative phase usually starts at day {{c1::5}} of the endometrial cycle
Published	07/30/2024	Early Secretory Phase EventsDay 1{{c1::7}} - {{c2::Glycogen accumulates in the basal glandular epithelium causing subnuclear vacuolation and pseudostr…
Published	07/30/2024	Mid Secretory Phase EventsOn days {{c1::21-25}}, the stroma becomes edematous, the {{c2::spiral}} arterioles enlarge, stromal {{c2::mitosis}} is appar…
Published	07/30/2024	Late Secretory Phase EventsOn days {{c1::23-28}}, {{c2::predecidual}} cells surround the spiral arterioles
Published	07/30/2024	The window of implantation occurs on days {{c1::20-24}}
Published	07/30/2024	Menstruation occurs because of the severe coiling of the arteries of the stratum {{c1::functionalis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The ↓ {{c1::Progesterone}} during menstruation causes ↑ {{c2::Cyclooxygenase}} which leads to ↑ {{c1::Prostaglandins}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pain during menstruation is caused by uterine contractions, and uterine ischemia caused by {{c1::vasoactive peptides that stimulate the endothelin-enk…
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