Notes in 21IntroToVirology

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::virion}}: entire infectious unit
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::capsid}}: protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::capsomeres}}: morphologic units seen in the surface of icosahedral virus particles which represent clusters of polypeptides
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::envelope}} is a lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles and is acquired during {{c2::viral maturation}} thro…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::protomer}}: basic protein building blocks of the coat, usually a collection of more than one non-identical protein subunit
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::subunit}}: a single folded viral polypeptide chain
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Families}} are the major grouping of viruses; have the suffix {{c2::-viridae}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Genera}} are subdivisions within viral families; have the suffix {{c2::-virus}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Viruses are classified into families based on:{{c1::virion morphology}}{{c1::genome structure}}{{c1::strategies of replication}}
Published	07/30/2024	Viruses are classified into genera based on:{{c1::biological differences}}{{c1::genomic differences}}{{c1::physicochemical differences}}{{c1::serologi…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Size 1. Subfamilies 2. Genera{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Host cells must produce {{c1::viral proteins}}, whereas viruses must produce {{c2::functional mRNA}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Eclipse period}}: the time after interaction with a host cell in which the infecting virion is disrupted and its measurable infectivity is lost.…
Published	07/30/2024	The eclipse period is followed by an interval of {{c1::rapid accumulation of infectious progeny virus particles}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Productive}} infections occur in {{c2::permissive}} cells and lead to the production of {{c3::infectious virus}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Permissive}} cells are cells that can support viral replication.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Abortive}} infections fail to produce infectious progeny and may lead to a {{c2::latent}} infection.
Published	07/30/2024	Abortive infections are secondary to:{{c1::infection of nonpermissive cells}}{{c1::defective virus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nonpermissive}} cells are unable to support the expression of all viral genes.
Published	07/30/2024	AttachmentPenetration/EngulfmentUncoatingExpression of Viral Genomes and Synthesis of Viral ComponentsMorphogenesis and Release
Published	07/30/2024	General Steps in Viral Replication{{c1::attachment}}: interaction of a virion with a specific receptor site on the surface of a cell
Published	07/30/2024	General Steps in Viral Replication{{c1::penetration/engulfment}}: virus particle is taken up inside the cell
Published	07/30/2024	General Steps in Viral Replication{{c1::uncoating}}: physical separation of the viral nucleic acid from the outer structural components of the virion …
Published	07/30/2024	General Steps in Viral Replication{{c1::uncoating}}: step in which infectivity lost
Published	07/30/2024	General Steps in Viral Replication{{c1::morphogenesis and release}}: newly synthesized viral genomes and capsid polypeptides assemble together to form…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nonenveloped}} viruses usually accumulate within cells and are released when the cell lyses.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enveloped}} viruses usually undergo a {{c2::budding}} process where they acquire their envelope.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Primary}} cultures are made by dispersing cells, usually with {{c2::trypsin}}, from freshly removed host tissues.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Diploid}} cell lines are {{c2::secondary}} cultures that have undergone a change; they can undergo about {{c3::50}} culture passages.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Continuous}} cell lines: cultures are capable of more prolonged, even infinite growth
Published	07/30/2024	Continuous cell lines are derived from {{c1::diploid cells/malignant tissue}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Virus encoded proteins}} are detected using {{c2::antisera}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Virus-specific nucleic acids}} are detected using {{c2::PCR}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemadsorption}} detects the presence of {{c2::virus-encoded hemagglutinin}}. This is usually used for detection of viruses such as {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Inclusion bodies}} are virus-specific structures formed within cells and are usually the site of development of {{c2::virions}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitation of Viruses{{c1::Nucleic acid based assays::physical method}} detect both infectious and noninfectious genomes.
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitation of Viruses{{c1::Serologic tests::physical method}} do not distinguish infectious from non-infectious particles and only dectect viral pro…
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitation of Viruses{{c1::Hemagglutination assays::physical method}} quantitate and detect both infective and non-infective particles.
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitation of VirusesIn the {{c1::direct method::physical method}}, virus particles are counted using an {{c2::electron microscope}}; infe…
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitation of Viruses{{c1::Plaque assays::biological method}} are only used for viruses that {{c2::grow well in tissue culture}}.
Published	07/30/2024	For {{c1::orthomyxoviruses}}, {{c2::hemagglutination and elution}} may be used to purify virus particles.
Published	07/30/2024	Purification of Virus ParticlesVirus particles are concentrated by precipitation with:{{c1::ammonium sulfate::chemical}}{{c1::ethanol::chemical}}{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Purification of Virus ParticlesVirus particles are separated from host materials by:{{c1::differential centrifugation}}{{c1::density gradient centrifu…
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