Notes in 08 Ultrasound

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] mHz, Penetration, Resolution1. Transabdominal UTZ Probe2. Transvaginal UTZ Probe{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Basis of echogenicity in the fetus: {{c1:: Fetal Liver::fetal structure}}
Published	07/30/2024	Principles of UTZ TechHyperechoic: appears {{c1::white::white/black}}; represents dense structures like bone; reflects waves at a {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	If the pregnancy is big, use a {{c1::transabdominal}} probeIf the pregnancy is <12 weeks, use a {{c1::transvaginal}} probe
Published	07/30/2024	Principles of UTZ Tech: SafetyALARA Principle: {{c1::As Low As Reasonably Achievable::meaning}}Two indices to be monitored:{{c2::Mechanical}} Ind…
Published	08/16/2024	Earliest structure to be seen: {{c1::Gestational Sac}}Presence of a {{c1::Gestational Sac}} does not assure the pregnancy is intrauterine
Published	07/30/2024	Gestational Sac Imaging:Transabdominal (TAS): seen at {{c1::6th::number}} weeksTransvaginal (TVS): seen at {{c1::5th::number}} week
Published	07/30/2024	Yolk Sac is seen at {{c1::5.5::number}} weeks.
Published	07/30/2024	Crown-Rump Length is more accurate in the {{c1::first::first/second}} trimester.
Published	07/30/2024	Cardiac activity is visible as early as {{c1::7::number}} weeks when using transabdominal sonography.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nuchal Translucency}}Done at {{c2::11-14 weeks::number of weeks}}Measures the back of the neck of the fetusAbnormal value: {{c2::≥ 3 m…
Published	07/30/2024	3 important indications for 2nd and 3rd trimester UTZ examination{{c1::Fetal Presentation, Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities, Fetal Number}}
Published	07/30/2024	Placental Localization (Degrees of Invasion){{c1::Accreta::classification}} - invasion into myometrium;{{c1::adhere::keyword}} to the myometrium{{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Biometric Parameters{{c1::Biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length::4 parameters}}
Published	07/30/2024	Head Circumference (abnormal findings){{c1::Dolichocephaly}} - flattened skull; reduced AP diameter{{c2::Brachycephaly}} - rounded skull; abnormal fin…
Published	07/30/2024	Abdominal Circumference{{c1::Most::Most/least}} affected by fetal growth.Increased AC indicates: {{c2::Large for Gestational Age (LGA)}}Decreased…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dangling Choroid Plexus Sign}}Normal value: {{c2:: <10 mm:: cut-off value}}Exceeding normal value may indicate dilation, suggesting&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Choroid Plexus Cyst}}Marker of development for chromosmal abnormalities such as {{c1::Trisomy 21 and 18}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neural Tube Defects: {{c2::Anencephaly}}{{c1::Frog eye sign::sign}} - face is present but brain, cranium, and telencephalic structures are missingUsua…
Published	07/30/2024	Neural Tube Defects: {{c1::Cephalocele}}Mass-like structure going out of a break of the skullCommon manifestation: {{c2::Occipital Cephaloce…
Published	07/30/2024	Neural Tube Defects: {{c1::Spina Bifida}}Manifestations of {{c2::Arnold Chiari or Chiari II Malformation}}.{{c2::Meningocele}} - spina bifida var…
Published	07/30/2024	Fruits Sign of Spina Bifida{{c2::Lemon-like skull::fruit}}Abnormal: {{c1::Depression of both parietal bones}}Normal: Football-shaped{{c2::Banana …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cystic Hygroma::name}}Venolymphatic malformation that causes fluid-filled sacs to extend from the posterior neckAssociated with {{c2::Turne…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ectopia Cordis::name}}Heart develops outside the chest
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia::name}}Heart and stomach are both in the thoracic cavity.{{c1::Left::Left/right}} side of the diaphragm is more …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Ventricular Septal Defect}}Most common congenital cardiac anomalyCan be viewed in {{c1::4-chamber view::UTZ view}}Can also be detected thro…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Double Bubble Sign}}Indicates an {{c2::obstruction}} in the GI tract, or {{c2::duodenal atresia}}Usually not present before {{c2::22-2…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Omphalocele}} - large and {{c1::midline}} defect in the abdominal wall.{{c2::Gastroschisis}} - defect is more {{c2::lateral}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clenched Fist Aneuploidy::Abnormal fetal extremity finding}} is seen in trisomic fetuses or in fetuses with mental retardation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Unilateral Renal Agenesis}}Presence of only one kidney and one renal artery
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mega Bladder}}Due to an obstruction in the lower urinary tract.{{c2::Male::Male/female}} fetuses are more pre-disposed to this
Status	Last Update	Fields