Notes in LE007 Embryology Segmentation and Formation of the Gut Tube and Heart

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Published	10/03/2024	What three processes occur simultaneously on day 19 of development?
Published	10/03/2024	The spinal cord is {{c1::segmented}} into a series of vertebrae
Published	10/03/2024	Somites are a {{c1::mesoderm-derived}} structure that generates segmentation along the cranial-caudal axis
Published	10/03/2024	Somites are a mesoderm-derived structure that generates {{c1::segmentation}} along the cranial-caudal axis
Published	10/03/2024	Somites are a mesoderm-derived structure that generates segmentation along the {{c1::cranial-caudal axis }}
Published	10/03/2024	Somites form as {{c1::blocks of tissue}} in the cranial to caudal direction
Published	10/03/2024	Somites form as blocks of tissue in the {{c1::cranial to caudal direction }}
Published	10/03/2024	Opposing gradients of {{c1::retinoic acid and FGF}} exists along cranial caudal axis
Published	10/03/2024	FGF {{c1::represses}} somite formation at the caudal end
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::Retinoic acid}} induces somite formation at the {{c2::cranial end }}
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::Retinoic acid}} induces somite formation at the cranial end
Published	10/03/2024	Gradients of FGF and RA moves in the {{c1::caudal direction}} as embryo grows
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::Gradients and a timer}} are needed to generate distinct somites
Published	10/03/2024	The timer for somite formation is formed by {{c1::negative feedback}} of gene expression
Published	10/03/2024	The timer for somite formation makes use of {{c1::Hes 7 (gene and translated protein)}}
Published	10/03/2024	Hes 7 protein inhbits {{c1::HES 7 transcription and somite formation }}
Published	10/03/2024	What is Hes 7?
Published	10/03/2024	What are the important parameters (4 parameters) of Hes 7 for allowing oscillations that creates segmentation in somite formation?
Published	10/03/2024	Differential expression of {{c1::Hox genes}} generates pattern difference between somites
Published	10/03/2024	Hox genes are {{c1::highy conserved}} throughout evolution
Published	10/03/2024	We have {{c1::4 types}} of Hox genes (A-D)
Published	10/03/2024	The expression of the Hox genes follows the location of the cells from the {{c1::cranial to caudal end}} of the embryo (last set of Hox genes at cauda…
Published	10/03/2024	Hox genes are turned on {{c1::in the order of cell descension}} in the epiblast. The last cells to descend end up on the caudal end and first cells to…
Published	10/03/2024	Signalling molecules from {{c1::surrounding tissues}} affect the fate of cells in the somite
Published	10/03/2024	Cells in somites differentiate into {{c1::bone, muscle and dermis }}
Published	10/03/2024	For Hox A as an example, A1-4 would be transcribed {{c1::first}} in the cranial region whereas A9-13 would be transcribed last in the caudal region&nb…
Published	10/03/2024	For Hox A and B as an example, Hox A1-4 and B1-4 would be expressed {{c1::simultaneously}} at the cranial end
Published	10/03/2024	The cells in the {{c1::dermatome}} received SHH
Published	10/03/2024	The cells in the dermatome received {{c1::SHH }}
Published	10/03/2024	The cells in the muscle from the somite received {{c1::Wnt }}
Published	10/03/2024	The cells of the {{c1::sclerotome}} get SHH
Published	10/03/2024	The cells of the sclerotome get {{c1::SHH }}
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::Inward folding}} of the embryo generates the gut tube from the endoderm
Published	10/03/2024	Inward folding of the embryo generates the {{c1::gut tube}} from the endoderm
Published	10/03/2024	Inward folding of the embryo generates the gut tube from the {{c1::endoderm }}
Published	10/03/2024	Neural and gut tubes run in {{c1::parallel}} from the cranial to caudal end
Published	10/03/2024	The heart tube forms on the {{c1::cranial side}} of the embryo
Published	10/03/2024	Folding of the embryo moves the {{c1::heart tube}} adjacent to the foregut
Published	10/03/2024	Folding of the embryo moves the heart tube {{c1::adjacent to the foregut }}
Published	10/03/2024	Cells that form first will form the {{c1::endoderm}}, cells that form next will form outflow tract, fells that form next will form ventricle and cells…
Published	10/03/2024	Cells that form first will form the endoderm, cells that form next will form outflow tract, fells that form next will form ventricle and cells that fo…
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::VEGF receptor}} is found on hemangioblasts
Published	10/03/2024	{{c1::Primitive red blood cells}} are first formed in the mesoderm around the yolk sac
Published	10/03/2024	Primitive red blood cells are first formed in the {{c1::mesoderm around the yolk sac}}
Published	10/03/2024	Larger vessels form through {{c1::coalescing of smaller vessels }}
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