Notes in 01 Bacterial Structure

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Steroids/Sterols in plasma membrane 1. Eukaryotes 2. Prokaryotes{{c1::A}} except for {{c2::Mycoplasmas::bacteria}} which have sterols
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Binary Fission 1. Eukaryotes 2. Prokaryotes{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tropism}} - Property of viruses that confers host cell specificity
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Prion Protein (PrP)}} - Non-disease-causing isoform of a prion
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PrPSC}} - Disease-causing isoform of a prion
Published	07/30/2024	PrPSC have a higher proportion of {{c1::ß-sheet structures::secondary protein structure}} and aggregates to form structured {{c2::amyloid fi…
Published	07/30/2024	What diseases should you think of when you hear about PrPSC?{{c1::KuruCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS)Bovin…
Published	07/30/2024	VirusGenome: {{c1::DNA or RNA::DNA/RNA}}Protein Coat: {{c1::Present::Pre/Absent}}
Published	07/30/2024	ViroidGenome: {{c1::ssRNA::DNA/RNA}}Protein Coat: {{c1::Absent::Pre/Absent}}
Published	07/30/2024	PrionGenome: {{c1::None. BAMBOOZLED::DNA/RNA}}Protein Coat: {{c1::It is just a wonky protein::Pre/Absent}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Protozoa}} - Single celled {{c2::non-photosynthetic::non/photosynthetic}} eukaryotes that are free-living or parasitic
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Flagellates}} - Major class of protozoan that uses flagella
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Amoeba}} - Major class of protozoan that uses pseudopod or cytoplasmic extension
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ciliates}} - Major class of protozoan that uses small hairlike particles called cilia
Published	07/30/2024	Algae belong to what taxonomic kingdom?{{c1::Protista}}
Published	07/30/2024	What gives an animal the classification of Algae?{{c1::only for photosynthetic, eukaryotic microorganisms}}
Published	07/30/2024	What is this unicellular algae that causes red tide or algal blooms?{{c1::Dinoflagellates of the Gonyaulax species}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Slime Molds}} - Characterized by the presence of ameboid multinucleate mass of cytoplasm called {{c1::plasmodia}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coenocytic}} - Describes an organism made of multinucleate continuous mass of protoplasm enclosed by a one cell wallExamples: {{c2::Slime molds,…
Published	07/30/2024	The two forms of fungi are {{c1::yeasts and mycelia/molds}}. Clinically relevant fungi are described as {{c2::dimorphic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacteria have no nuclei so their DNA material is in a {{c1::nucleoid}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Glycogen::2}} - Excess carbohydrate inclusions in bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Metachromatic granules}} - Inclusions that include sulfer needed for cellular oxidation and energy in bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	Generally, bacteria have {{c1::1 double stranded, continuous, circular, covalently closed, supercoiled DNA}} for a genomeThese fours species are the e…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Plasmids}} - Mobile genetic elements that confer genetic traits of a particular organism and can then be passed on to other bacterial cell …
Published	07/30/2024	Prokaryote ribosome size: {{c1::70s}} (made up of {{c2::50s}} and {{c2::30s}} units)
Published	07/30/2024	Bacterial cell walls are composed of {{c1::murein/mucopeptide/peptidoglycan}} which is made up of {{c2::N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic …
Published	07/30/2024	These groups of antibiotics target the cell wall of bacteria:{{c1::β-lactam antibiotics:- Penicillins (Pen G, Ampi, Ticar, Pipera)- Cephalosporins- Ce…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Peptidoglycan layers 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lipoteichoic acid}} is a surface-associated adhesion protein, regulates autolytic wall enzymes. Only found in the cell walls of Gram ({{c1::+}})…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)}} plays a central role in integrity and selective permeability of{{c2::outer membrane}} of cell wall of Gram (-) bacter…
Published	07/30/2024	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is made up of two parts:{{c1::Lipid A}} - Endotoxin{{c1::O/Somatic antigen}} - Associated with antigen specificity of gr…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Gram stain color purple 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Outer membrane 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Porin Proteins 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Periplasm 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Sensitivity to penicillins & lysozymes 1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-){{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	When you think of Gram (+) bacteria, think of {{c1::Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus::3 Representative Genera}}
Published	07/30/2024	When you think of Gram (-) bacteria, think of {{c1::Escherichia, Neisseria, Pseudomonas}}
Published	07/30/2024	Flagella are composed entirely of {{c1::flagellin::protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Monotrichous::Flagella Arrangement}} - Single polar flagella
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lophotrichous::Flagella Arrangement}} - Multiple polar flagella
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Amphitrichous::Flagella Arrangement}} - Single flagellum found in each of the opposite poles
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Peritrichous::Flagella Arrangement}} - Multiple flagella distributed in the entire cell
Published	07/30/2024	Pili (L “hairs”) are found in gram ({{c1::-}}) bacteriaFimbriae (L “fringes”) are found in gram ({{c1::- and +}}) bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Adhesins::Proteins}} are located at the tips of pili and are responsible for the attachment properties
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sex}} Pili - specialized pili responsible for the attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ordinary}} Pili - Play a role in the adherence of symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria to host cells
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Capsule/Slime Layers/Glyocalyx}} - Polysaccharide layers that help bacteria adhere to their hosts or inanimate surfaces to form biofilms. Antiph…
Published	07/30/2024	Most capsules are made out of carbohydrate polymers except for the capsules of the following species:Poly-d-glutamic acid capsules of {{c1::Bacillus a…
Published	07/30/2024	The only two bacterial genera that can form endospores are {{c1::Bacillus and Clostridium}} species and they are gram ({{c1::+}})
Published	07/30/2024	Sporulation occurs when {{c1::N, C, and P}} are near depletion
Published	07/30/2024	Spores are heat-resistant due to {{c1::Calcium Dipicolinate}} from an intermediate of the {{c2::lysine biosynthetic}} pathway
Published	07/30/2024	Two stains used for endospores are the {{c1::Schaeffer Fulton Stain and Malachite green stain}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 stains used in the gram stain reaction are {{c1::crystal violet, iodine complex, and safranin}}
Published	07/30/2024	The acid fast test depends on whether the bacteria contains a {{c1::non-peptidoglycan layer mycolic acid or waxy fatty acid}} on its outer c…
Published	07/30/2024	Rest Time! {{c1::Study this figure. madali lang naman eto haha}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carbohydrate Utilization}} - Done for Gram ({{c2::-}}) organisms to identify what carbohydrates are utilized for their cellular functions
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::H}} Ag - Flagellar antigen
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::K}} Ag - Capsular antigen
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Keys (Traits)}} - Classification system used to see similarities on how different bacteria behave in in vivo/in vitro environments
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Numerical Taxonomy (Vitek)}} - Classification system where prokaryotes are grouped based on similar traits that you see as they behave in cultur…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Phylogenetic rRNA}} - Distinguished as {{c2::16S::ribosome size}} for prokaryotes and {{c2::18S::ribosome size}} for eukaryotes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nucleic Acid Based Taxonomy}} - Classification system that utilizes the latest and most modern equipment in isolating and amplifying DNA segment…
Published	07/30/2024	Mesophilic bacteria live at {{c1::20-40}}°C
Published	07/30/2024	Four phases of growth1. {{c1::Lag}} phase2. {{c1::Logarithmic}} phase3. {{c1::Stationary}} phase4. {{c1::Death/Decline}} phase
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Quorum Sensing}} - A type of cell to cell communication between bacterial culture, allowing to regulate transcription of gene involved in divers…
Status	Last Update	Fields