Notes in 12-13WristComplex

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	CMC I and V are {{c1::saddle}} joints with {{c1::2::n}} degree(s) of freedom
Published	07/30/2024	What is the most complex joint of the body?{{c1::wrist complex}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::wrist joint complex}} primarily functions to control the {{c1::length-tension relationship}} of {{c3::multi::single/multi}}-jointed muscles …
Published	07/30/2024	What joints comprise the wrist complex? {{c1::1. Radiocarpal joint2. Midcarpal joint}}
Published	07/30/2024	Radiocarpal joint: the {{c2::medial radial facet}} articulates with the {{c1::lunate}} bone
Published	07/30/2024	Radiocarpal joint: the {{c2::lateral radial facet}} articulates with the {{c1::scaphoid}} bone
Published	07/30/2024	Radiocarpal joint: the {{c2::TFCC}} articulates with the {{c1::triquetrum}} bone
Published	07/30/2024	The proximal surface of radiocarpal joint is angled {{c1::volarly}} (by {{c2::11}}°) and {{c1::ulnarly}} (by {{c2::23}}°)
Published	07/30/2024	Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone?{{c1::Pisiform}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pisiform}} bone increases the torque and moment of arm of the {{c2::flexor carpi ulnaris}}
Published	07/30/2024	The distal radiocapral joint surface is {{c1::biconvex}} in shape
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::distal}} surface of the radiocarpal joint is relatively larger than the {{c1::proximal}} surface, hence there is only ~{{c2::20}}% overall c…
Published	07/30/2024	A relatively {{c1::shorter}} ulna creates {{c2::negative}} ulnar variance resulting in {{c3::Kienbock's disease}}, the avascular necrosis of the {{c3:…
Published	07/30/2024	A relatively {{c1::longer}} ulna creates {{c2::positive}} ulnar variance resulting in {{c3::TFCC impingement}} between the ulna and triquetrum
Published	07/30/2024	The radiocarpal joint receives 80% of axial load applied to the wrist: scaphoid {{c1::60}}%, lunate {{c1::40}}%
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::TFCC}} receives the remaining 20% of axial load applied to the wrist
Published	07/30/2024	The midcarpal joint is a functional joint comprised of all carpal bones except the {{c1::pisiform}}*bonus: why is it only a functional joint
Published	07/30/2024	At the {{c1::midcarpal}} joint, wrist extension > wrist flexion, and radial deviation > ulnar deviation
Published	07/30/2024	At the volar aspect of the wrist, 3 ligaments comprise the volar radiocarpal ligament: 1. {{c1::RadioScaphoLunate ligament}}2. {{c2::RadioScap…
Published	07/30/2024	At the volar aspect of the wrist, 2 ligaments comprise the ulnocarpal ligament complex: 1. {{c1::UlnoLunate ligament}}2. {{c2::Ulnar collatera…
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Published	07/30/2024	The extrinsic volar carpal ligaments are taut during wrist {{c1::extension}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 extrinsic carpal ligament complexes at the volar aspect of the wrist: 1. {{c1::volar radiocarpal ligament}}2. {{c1::ulnocarpal ligament complex}}…
Published	07/30/2024	2 intrinsic carpal ligaments at the volar aspect of the wrist: 1. {{c1::ScaphoLunate interosseous ligament}}2. {{c2::LunoTriquetral interosseous …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::scapholunate interosseous}} ligament provides the most wrist stability (particularly {{c2::scaphoid}})
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::scapholunate interosseous}} ligament of the wrist is largely avascular and susceptible to degenerative change
Published	07/30/2024	At the dorsal aspect of the wrist, 2 ligaments make up a horizontal V:1. {{c1::Dorsal radiocarpal ligament}}2. {{c2::Dorsal intercarpal liga…
Published	07/30/2024	The dorsal radiocarpal ligament attaches the radius to the: {{c1::lunate}} and {{c1::triquetrum}}
Published	07/30/2024	The dorsal intercarpal ligament attaches the carpal bones: {{c1::triquetrum}}, {{c1::lunate}}, {{c1::scaphoid}}, and {{c1::trapezium}}
Published	07/30/2024	The ligamentous horizontal V at the dorsal wrist stabilizes the {{c1::scaphoid}} during wrist ROM
Published	07/30/2024	The extrinsic dorsal carpal ligaments are taut during wrist {{c1::flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	The proximal carpals (SLT) is an {{c1::intercalated}} segment that mechanically links the radius and the distal carpals
Published	07/30/2024	What is the keystone bone of the wrist?{{c1::Capitate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Wrist extension starts with the active extension at the {{c1::distal}} carpals,sliding against the {{c2::fixed::fixed/mobile}} {{c1::proximal}} c…
Published	07/30/2024	At wrist {{c2::neutral position::position}}, the {{c1::capitate and scaphoid}} are drawn to a close-packed position
Published	07/30/2024	At wrist {{c2::45° extension::position}}, the {{c1::lunate and scaphoid}} are drawn to a close-packed position
Published	07/30/2024	At wrist {{c2::full extension::position}}, the {{c1::entire wrist complex}} is drawn to a close-packed position
Published	07/30/2024	During {{c1::radial}} deviation: Proximal carpals: slide {{c2::Ulnarly}} and {{c2::Flex}}Distal carpals: slide {{c2::Radially}} and {{c2::Extend}}
Published	07/30/2024	The radiocarpal and metacarpal joints are close-packed at full {{c1::radial}} deviation
Published	07/30/2024	Radial/ulnar deviation is greatest at wrist {{c1::neutral position::position}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Intercalated segmental instability}}: zigag formed by the tendecies of the scaphoid to {{c1::flex}}, lunate and triquetrum to {{c1::extend}}, an…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::(DISI) dorsal}} intercalated segmental instability, the lunate tilts {{c2::dorsally}} due to disruption of {{c1::scapholunate}} ligament
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::(VISI) ventral}} intercalated segmental instability, the lunate tilts {{c2::ventrally}} due to disruption of {{c1::lunotriquetral}} ligament
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c2::(VISI) ventral}} intercalated segmental instability, the distal carpals abnormally extends with the {{c3::triquetrum}} while the {{c3::lunate…
Published	07/30/2024	Which wrist flexors do not pass under the flexor retinaculum (carpal tunnel? {{c1::1. Palmaris longus2. Flexor carpi ulnaris::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which muscle exerts the greatest tension of all wrist muscles?{{c1::Flexor carpi ulnaris}}
Published	07/30/2024	Flexor digitorum {{c1::superficials}} function more consistently as a wrist flexor
Published	07/30/2024	Which extensor carpi radialis is more active during wrist extension acitivities and is prone to overuse?{{c1::extensor carpi radialis brevis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The extensor carpi ulnaris is extends the wrist less effectively during forearm {{c1::pronation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The aBductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis can cause isolated thumb movements thanks to the synergism of the {{c1::extensor carpi ulnar…
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Published	07/30/2024	Memory aid:Compartments of the extensor retinaculum: {{c1::2 > 2 > 1 > 2 > 1 > 1}} from radial to ulnar
Published	07/30/2024	CMC 2: metacarpal 2 articulates with {{c1::trapezoid}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMC 3: metacarpal 3 articulates with {{c1::capitate}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMC {{c2::4}}: metacarpal {{c2::4}} articulates with {{c1::capitate & hamate}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMC 5: metacarpal 5 articulates with {{c1::hamate}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::deep transverse}} ligament controls the ROM of the {{c2::CMC}} joint, spanning the heads of metacarpals II–V
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::intercarpal}} ligament maintains the {{c2::proximal transverse}} carpal arch
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Published	07/30/2024	Attachments of the transverse carpal ligament: {{c1::pisiform, hook of hamate}} → {{c1::scaphoid trapezium}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMC 2–4 are {{c1::plane}} joints with {{c1::1::n}} degree(s) of freedom
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Starburst}} phenomenon: because there is greatest CPC, MCP, IP joint flexion ROM {{c2::ulnarly}} fingers angulate toward the {{c2::scaphoid}} bo…
Published	07/30/2024	The distal transverse carpal arch is formed at the {{c1::metacarpal heads}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carpal arches: 1. {{c1::proximal transverse arch}}2. {{c1::distal transverse arch}}3. {{c1::longitudinal arch}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which surface of the MCP joint is convex?{{c1::proximal (metacarpal head)}}
Published	07/30/2024	MCP joints are {{c1::condyloid}} joints with {{c1::2::n}} degrees of freedom
Published	07/30/2024	The metacarpals heads lie predominantly {{c1::volarly}}
Published	07/30/2024	The MCP joint capsule is lax in MCP {{c1::extension}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::volar plate}} is a fibrocartilage protecting the metarpal heads and limit MCP {{c2::extension}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sagittal bands}} connect the {{c2::extensor hoods}} to the volar plates and deep transverse metacarpal ligament, preventing bowstringing and dis…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::collateral ligament proper::ligament}} is more dorsal and is taut at MCP {{c2::flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1:accessory::ligament}} is more voral and is taut at MCP {{c2::hyperextension}}
Published	07/30/2024	MCP abduction/adduction is maximal in MCP {{c1::extension}}
Published	07/30/2024	Interphalangeal joints are {{c1::true hinge}} joints with {{c1::1::n}} degrees of freedom
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::radial}} collateral ligament of the IP joints are more at risk to injury
Published	07/30/2024	Normally, wrist extension {{c1::flexes}} the scaphoid and {{c1::extends}} the distal carpals
Published	07/30/2024	Flexor digitorum {{c1::superficialis}} produces greater torque for MCP flexion*bonus: why?
Published	07/30/2024	Flexor digitorum {{c1::profundus}} is more active in MCP flexion and acts alone in gentle grasps
Published	07/30/2024	How to isolate flexor profundus superficialis contraction?{{c1::Restrain flexion of nontest fingers}}
Published	07/30/2024	Annular pulleys {{c2::A1, A3, A5}} are found over {{c1::joints}} of the fingers
Published	07/30/2024	Annular pulleys {{c2::A2, A4}} are found over {{c1::bones (proximal, middle phalanx)}} of the fingers
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::5 Annular pulleys}} and and {{c2::3 cruciate pulleys}} keep the flexor tendons of the fingers from volarly migrating upon contraction*bonus…
Published	07/30/2024	Cruciate pulleys C1 occur between {{c1::A2}} and {{c1::A3}}Cruciate pulleys C2 occur between {{c1::A3}} and {{c1::A4}}Cruciate pulleys C3 occur betwee…
Published	07/30/2024	The extensor digitorum communis gives {{c1::3::n}} tendons to attach to their corresponding finger
Published	07/30/2024	At the {{c1::MCP joint}}, the {{c2::extensor digitorum communis}} merges with the extensor expansions and splits into {{c3::central slip}} and {{c3::l…
Published	07/30/2024	Contraction of extensor digitorum communis causes passive extension of adjacent fingers thanks to {{c1::juntura tendinae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fingers in order of decreasing degree of independent extension{{c1::II > V > III > IV::4}}
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Published	07/30/2024	EDC: {{c1::Central slip}} inserts into the base of {{c2::middle phalanx}} and functions for {{c2::PIP}} joint extension
Published	07/30/2024	EDC: {{c1::Terminal slip}} inserts into the base of {{c2::distal phalanx}} and functions for {{c2::DIP}} joint extension
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::triangular ligament}} connects the {{c2::lateral bands}} as they merge into terminal slip
Published	07/30/2024	Damage to {{c1::sagittal band}} of the extensor mechanism can cause lateral displacement of extensor digitorum communis tendons
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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Oblique retinacular}} ligament arise from the sides of the {{c2::annular}} and {{c2::cruciate pulleys}} and insert on the {{c3::lateral bands}}
Published	07/30/2024	Oblique retinacular ligaments originate {{c1::volarly}} (at PIP joint) and insert {{c1::dorsally}} (at DIP joint)
Published	07/30/2024	Contraction of {{c2::extensor digitorum communis}} results in MCP {{c1::hyperextension}}, PIP {{c1::flexion}}, and DIP {{c1::flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	DIP {{c1::extension*}} cannot occur with PIP {{c1::flexion}} due to the loss of tension in {{c2::lateral bands}}
Published	07/30/2024	The interossei join the extensor expansion at two points: proximal tendon: {{c1::proximal phalanx and extensor hood::2}}distal tendon: {{c1::latera…
Published	07/30/2024	i have a card for this alr-{{c1:::)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::lumbricals}} act as synergists to PIP and DIP extension by {{c1::releasing antagonistic tension from flexor digitorum profundus::long answer…
Published	07/30/2024	Position: {{c1::intrinsic plus position}}{{c2::::do  position}}
Published	07/30/2024	Position: {{c1::intrinsic minus position}}{{c2::::do  position}}
Published	07/30/2024	CMC 1: metacarpal I articulates with {{c1::trapezium}}
Published	07/30/2024	Breakdown of thumb opposition: CMC 1 {{c1::aBduction}} → {{c1::flexion}} → {{c1::aDduction}} with {{c1::rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The CMC I is stabilized primarily by the {{c1::anterior oblique::more important}} ligament  and {{c2::dorsoradial}} ligament
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Published	07/30/2024	A pair of sesamoid bones are found at the volar aspect of {{c1::MCP}} joint of the thumb and assist the pulley of the {{c2::flexor pollicis …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Opponens pollicis}} is the only thenar muscle attached to the metacapal I
Published	07/30/2024	The action line of the opponens pollicis is {{c1::perpendicular}} to the long axis of MCP joint
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of prehension: {{c1::power grip}} and {{c2::precision handling}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::cylindrical}} grip, {{c2::DIP flexion}} occurs (dynamic phase) and then {{c2::PIP flexion}} occurs when in need of greater force (static phas…
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip where thumb position is most variable:{{c1::Cylindrical grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip where hypothenar muscles are active{{c1::Cylindrical grip (in particular)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cylindrical grips are usually performed in wrist {{c1::neutral position (flexion/extension)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Slight {{c1::ulnar deviation}} optimizes cylindrical grips and pistol grips
Published	07/30/2024	phalanges {{c1::IV}} and {{c1::V}} are weak but mobile assists in gripping but their strength is improved with {{c2::restricted flexion}} (such as in …
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::spherical}} grips, MCP joints tend to {{c2::aBduct*}} and phalanges do not flex parallel to each other
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip where thumb does not participate{{c1::Hook grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip where interossei are most signifcant{{c1::Lateral prehension}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip where extensors predominate{{c1::Lateral prehension}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip: {{c1::cylindrical grip}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip: {{c1::spherical grip}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip: {{c1::hook grip}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Power grip: {{c1::lateral prehension}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling comprises 90% of all forms of precision handling{{c1::pad-to-pad}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling requires a lot of thenar muscle control?{{c1::pad-to-pad}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pad-to-pad grip: {{c2::3-jaw chunk}} = pads of {{c1::thumb, index, and middle finger}}
Published	07/30/2024	Difference tip-to-tip from pad-to-pad is DIP joint is {{c1::(nearly) fully flexed}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pinch pressure is increased by contraction of the {{c1::aDduction pollicis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Skin with greatest concentration of tacticle corpuscles{{c1::Over distal phalanx}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling is the most precise but most easily disturbed?{{c1::tip-to-tip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling is the least precise?{{c1::pad-to-side}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling requires the most activity from the aDductor pollicis{{c1::pad-to-side}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which precision handling that requires minimal activity from the opponens pollicis{{c1::pad-to-side}}
Published	07/30/2024	Precision handling: {{c1::pad-to-pad prehension}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Precision handling: {{c1::tip-to-tip prehension}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Precision handling: {{c1::pad-to-side prehension}}{{c2::::do grip}}
Published	07/30/2024	Functional position of the hand optimizes what action?{{c1::Flexion}} (most important action of hand)
Published	07/30/2024	Functional position of hand = optimal function  1. {{c1::wrist extension 20°}}2. {{c1::ulnar deviation 10°}}3. {{c2::MCP joint flexion 45°}}4.…
Published	07/30/2024	Proximal parts of the radiocarpal joint{{c1::Radius, Radioulnar disc (part fo the TFCC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Distal parts of the radiocarpal joint{{c1::Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Structures of the TFCC{{c1::Radioulnar articular}} disc{{c1::Dorsal and volar radioulnar}} ligaments{{c1::Extensor carpi ulnaris}} tension{{c1::Menisc…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Wrist 1. Flexion 2. Extension{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Wrist Deviation 1. Radial 2. Ulnar{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The wrist complex has {{c1::2::N}} degrees of freedom
Published	07/30/2024	the distal carpal row moves as {{c1::a fixed::fixed/separate}} unit
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles that attach to the proximal carpals: {{c1::None}}
Published	07/30/2024	Progressive degenerative problem from an untreated DISI: {{c1::Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Distal portion of the flexor retinaculum: {{c1::Transverse carpal}} ligament
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Flexor retinaculum}} - Prevents bowstringing (popping up/out) of flexor tendons and maintain length-tension relationship
Published	07/30/2024	The proximal transverse carpal arch is formed by the {{c1::distal carpals}}
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