Notes in MtM AP I (Epithelial tissue)

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Published	11/11/2024	The 4 main steps of tissue imaging are {{c1::biopsy and dissection}},{{c1::fixation}}, {{c1::staining}} and {{c1::visualisation}}.
Published	11/11/2024	During tissue prepararion, tissue fixation is done to {{c1::prevent degragation}} and maintain {{c1::tissue architecture}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The two classification types of tissue fixation are {{c1::physical}} and {{c1::chemical}}.
Published	11/11/2024	In tissue dissection, the tissue is {{c1::extracted}} from a sample and cut to {{c1::thin slices}} in order to {{c2::allow light to pass through}}.
Published	11/11/2024	In a lab, for tissue visualisation, Tissue dissection is done using an {{c1::microtome}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The dissected tissue is surrounded by {{c1::paraffin}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Eosin}} is a {{c3::red}} stain used to see {{c2::cytosol}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Haematoxylin}} is {{c1::purple}} stain for {{c3::nucleus}}.
Published	11/11/2024	To see the cell more comprehensively , {{c1::H&E}} ({{c1::Haematoxylin}} and {{c1::Eosin}}) stain is used.
Published	11/11/2024	You can use {{c3::antibodies}} to {{c2::bind and stain}} different {{c2::proteins}} and this is called {{c1::Immunohistochemistry}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The 4 main types of tissue are {{c1::muscle}}, {{c1::epithelial}}, {{c1::connective}} and {{c1::nervous}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The 2 main types of epithelium is {{c1::covering}} and {{c1::glandular}}.
Published	11/11/2024	All epithelial tissue ends at the {{c1::basement membrane}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Epithelial tissue can be divided by 3 different typologies/types of classification: {{c1::number of layers}}, {{c1::shape of the cells}} and {{c1::spe…
Published	11/11/2024	The are 3 descriptions of the number of layers of cells epithelia have: {{c1::simple}} ({{c2::1 cell thick}}), {{c1::compound}}/{{c1::stratified}} ({{…
Published	11/11/2024	There are 3 different shapes epithelial cells have: {{c1::Cubiodal}} (which are {{c2::as wide as tall}}), {{c1::Columnar}} (which are {{c2::taller tha…
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Published	11/11/2024	The {{c1::apical}} or {{c1::luminal}} side is the side of epithelial cell that faces {{c1::outwards}} and has {{c2::cell specialisations}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Keratinised epithelial tissue have {{c2::keratin}} on its surface in order to provide {{c1::waterproofing}} and {{c1::protection}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Transitional}} / {{c2::Urothelium}} epithelia can {{c1::strech and change shape}} to allow organs to {{c1::strech}} e.g {{c1::urinary bladder.}}
Published	11/11/2024	Ciliated epithelia contains cilia on its surface in order to {{c1::move objects}} e.g {{c1::mucus}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Basal}} side anchors the cell to the {{c2::basment membrane}}  in order for the cell to recieve {{c3::nervous innervation}} and {{c3::nutri…
Published	11/11/2024	The {{c2::lateral}} side connect epithelial cells together by {{c1::cell junctions}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Cell polarity}} refers to the {{c2::spatial differences in shape, structure, and function}} within a cell.
Published	11/11/2024	In epithelial cells, cell {{c1::polarity}} is maintiained by cell {{c2::junctions}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Tight}} or {{c1::occluding}} junctions prevent {{c2::the leakage of solutes and water}} between {{c2::epithelial cells}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Adherens}} junctions connect {{c1::microfilaments or actin}} of neighbouring cells.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Gap}} junctions are {{c2::open channels}} that allow {{c2::ions}} and {{c2::small molecules}} to flow between cells.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Desmosomes}} connect {{c2::intermediate filaments}} of neighbouring cells, allowing tissue to resist {{c2::mechanical stress}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Hemidesmosomes}} anchor {{c2::intermediate filaments}} to the {{c2::basal lamina}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Focal adhesions}} transmit force between the {{c2::cytoskeleton}} and the {{c2::extracellular matrix}} of connective tissue, by connecting …
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Published	11/11/2024	Cells named {{c1::kerinocytes}} produce lots of {{c2::keratin}} on the {{c2::apical}} side of the epithelium and do so untill {{c2::all cell function …
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Cilia}} are {{c1::larger}} and more {{c1::motile}} than {{c2::microvilli}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Microvilli}} are made of {{c1::actin microfilaments}} while {{c2::cillia}} are made of {{c1::microtubules}} in a {{c1::9+2}} structure.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Cillia}} move {{c1::surface particles}} while {{c2::microvilli}} are used in {{c1::absorption}}.
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