Notes in CEP V (Pharmacology)

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Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Pharmacology}} is the {{c2::study of drugs and their actions including side effects}}.
Published	11/11/2024	A {{c1::drug}} is the active ingredient of a medicine.
Published	11/11/2024	Pharmacology enables {{c1::good prescription practise}}, {{c1::categorisation of drugs}} and {{c1::quantification of drug action}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Drugs have {{c1::chemical}} and {{c1::brand}} names.
Published	11/11/2024	Drugs can be classified by {{c1::chemical composition}}, {{c1::symptoms they treat}} and {{c1::organ systems targeted}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Endogenous}} drugs origninate from {{c1::within the body}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Exogenous}} drugs origninate from {{c1::outside the body}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Potency is the {{c1::concentration of a drug which is required to elicit effects}}
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Higher}} potency means {{c1::lower}} concentration of drug required.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Stereo-selectivity}} is where different {{c1::optical isomers}} of drugs have {{c1::different effects}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Affinity}} is {{c1::the likelihood of a drug binding to the receptor}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Efficacy}} is the ability of a drug {{c1::to achieve a desired response}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Laws of {{c1::mass action}} can be used to quantify the chemical interaction between drug and receptor.
Published	11/11/2024	The relationship between drug concentration and response is not a linear scale, there is a max limit for drug response called {{c1::Emax}}. {{c1::Emax…
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Published	11/11/2024	How do you calculate the the proprtion of receptors that are occupied?
Published	11/11/2024	There are 3 main tissue in the skeleton: {{c1::Bone}}, {{c1::cartilage}} and {{c1::ligaments}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Bone}} are the {{c1::toughest}} and the least {{c1::elastic}} tissue of the skeleton.
Published	11/11/2024	Cartilage is {{c1::softer}} and more {{c1::elastic}} than bone.
Published	11/11/2024	Ligaments are {{c1::dense regular connective}} tissue.
Published	11/11/2024	2 parts of the skeleton is {{c1::axial}} and {{c1::appendicular}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The vertebral column {{c1::encloses}} and {{c1::protects}} the {{c2::spinal cord}}, as well as {{c1::carrying the weight}} of the body above the pelvi…
Published	11/11/2024	The vertebral column consists of {{c1::33}} vertebrae.
Published	11/11/2024	There are {{c1::7}} cervical vertebrae.
Published	11/11/2024	There are {{c1::12}} thoracic vertebrae.
Published	11/11/2024	There are {{c1::6}} lumbar vertebrae.
Published	11/11/2024	The {{c1::Sacrum}} and {{c1::Cocyx}} have their vertebrae {{c2::fused}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The are {{c1::12}} ribs in the ribcage, with  {{c1::7}} true ribs, {{c1::3}} false ribs and {{c1::2}} floating ribs.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::True ribs}} are called that because they are {{c1::directly connected to the sternum}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::False ribs}} are {{c1::indirectly connected to the sternum}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c2::Floating ribs}} are not {{c1::connected to the sternum}}.
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