Notes in III - Hemolytic Anemia

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Published	10/21/2024	Accelerated red cell destruction
Published	10/21/2024	Hemolytic anemiaRBC lifespan: {{c1::<120}} daysElevated {[c1::EPO}} levels and compensatory increase in erythropoiesisAccumulation of Hgb degradati…
Published	10/21/2024	Hallmarks of hemolytic anemia (2)
Published	10/21/2024	This is caused by defects that increase the destruction of red blood cells like phagocytes, particularly in the spleen. Acute Blood LossChronic Blood …
Published	10/21/2024	Manifestations of Extravascular Hemolysis in the spleen:{{c1::Hyperbilirubinemia}}{{c2::Jaundice}}{{c3::Splenomegaly}}{{c4::Pigment Stones}}
Published	10/21/2024	Characterized by an abnormality within the cell {{c1::Intravascular Hemolysis:: Intravascular or Extravascular Hemolysis}}
Published	10/21/2024	Caused by severe injuries which results to red cells bursting within the circulation. {{c1::Intravascular Hemolysis:: Intravascular or Extravascular H…
Published	10/21/2024	Manifestations of intra vascular hemolysis (5)
Published	10/21/2024	Intravascular and Extravascular hemolysis both have:{{c1::Decreased::Increased or decreased}} {{c2::Haptoglobin}}{{c1::Increased::Increased or decreas…
Published	10/21/2024	Causes of intravascular hemolysis (4)
Published	10/21/2024	This is due to inherited defects in the red cell membrane skeleton that lead to the formation of spherocytes
Published	10/21/2024	PBS of hereditary spherocytosis is characterized below, exceptDark redHypochromicLack central pallorNOTA
Published	10/21/2024	The splenomegaly of hereditary spherocytosis weighs100g - 500g500g - 1000g1000g - 1500gNOTA
Published	10/21/2024	Aplastic Crisis results from what infection?
Published	10/21/2024	What are the affected structural proteins in the RBC membranes in patients with Hereditary spherocytosis?
Published	10/21/2024	HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSISDiagnostic Tests{{c1::Peripheral blood smear}}Increased {{c2::MCHC}}Due to dehydration caused by loss of {{c3::K+}} and {{c3::…
Published	10/21/2024	Which of the following is NOT true about Sickle cell anemia?Most common familial hemolytic anemiaProtective against P. falciparum malariaCaused by mul…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::HbS}}:{{c2::valine residue}} ; {{c2::HbA}}:{{c2::glutamate residue}}
Published	10/21/2024	True/False: Sickle cell anemia is irreversible at reoxygenation
Published	10/21/2024	Sickle cells anemia has a protective effect against {{c1::Plasmodium falciparum}} malaria
Published	10/21/2024	SICKLE CELL ANEMIAVariables that affect rate and degree of sickling: Intracellular levels of hemoglobins other than Hemoglobin S (Hbs)Sickle cell trai…
Published	10/21/2024	As the pH {{c1::decreases::increases or decreases}} RBCs become more sickle-shaped
Published	10/21/2024	This is the most common cause of patient morbidity and mortality in Sickle Cell Anemia. In which red blood cells cannot flow through vessels, manifest…
Published	10/21/2024	This complication in Sickle Cell Anemia results in enlargement of the spleen, due to the trapped red blood cells. Acute Chest SyndromeAplastic CrisisS…
Published	10/21/2024	In this Sickle Cell Anemia complication the bone marrow cannot produce cells, what is this called?Acute Chest SyndromeAplastic CrisisSequestration Cri…
Published	10/21/2024	True or False: Autosplenectomy in children shows an increase in the size of the spleen due to its dysfunction.
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Salmonella osteomyelitis}} is one of the complications of Sickle Cell Anemia which involves infection of the bone.
Published	10/21/2024	Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia include the following EXCEPT:HydroxyureaHSC transplantGene editingBlood Transfusion
Published	10/21/2024	Diagnostic tests for Sickle Cell Anemia{{c1::Peripheral blood smear}}To identify sickle cells{{c2::Electrophoresis}}Used for all hemoglobinopathySickl…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::THALASSEMIA}} is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in globin genes that decrease synthesis of {{c1::either α-or β::α or β}}-Globin
Published	10/21/2024	THALASSEMIAAutosomal codominant→ Decreased {{c1::red cell production}}→ {{c1::Decreased::Increased/Decreased}} red cell life span
Published	10/21/2024	Common findings in Thalassemia→ {{c1::Target cells::What abnormal RBC?}}→ {{c1::Microcytosis::Macrocytosis or Microcytosis)→ {{c1::Hypochromia}} …
Published	10/21/2024	TRUE or FALSEThalassemia is a protective effect against P. falciparum malaria
Published	10/21/2024	Treatment for Thalassemia include {{c1::blood transfusion}} and {{c1::Iron chelators}}
Published	10/21/2024	B-thalassemia is caused by deficient synthesis of {{c1::beta}} chains and an accumulation of unpaid {{c2::alpha}} globin
Published	10/21/2024	Peripheral blood smear results of B-thalassemia would show:Hypochromic, normocyticHypochromic, microcyticHyperchromic, microcyticNone of the above
Published	10/21/2024
Published	10/21/2024	Choices: A - B-Thalassemia major; B - B-Thalassemia intermedia, C - B-Thalassemia minorAsymptomatic with mild/absent anemiaInvolves homozygous B-thala…
Published	10/21/2024	Major red cell hemoglobin in Beta Thalassemia major
Published	10/21/2024	Treatment for Beta Thalassemia Major
Published	10/21/2024	Beta Thalassemia Minor is usually {{c1::asymptomatic::symptomatic or asymptomatic}}
Published	10/21/2024	Beta Thalassemia MinorMore commonSame demographicsUsually asymptomaticHbF levels are generally {{c1::normal}} or {{c1::slightly increased}}Increased {…
Published	10/21/2024	Skeletal deformities seen in the skull in Beta Thalassemia
Published	10/21/2024	One of the treatment for beta thalassemia is {{c1::blood transfusion}}Excessive transfusion received by the px, there is a tendency of {{c2::systemic…
Published	10/21/2024	Other effects of defective RBC is the destruction of red cells in the spleen (extravascular hemolysis) which results in {{c1::splenomegaly}}
Published	10/21/2024	Caused by deficient synthesis of α chains where ineffective erythropoiesis is less pronounced
Published	10/21/2024
Published	10/21/2024	These are the laboratory tests used in Alpha-Thalassemia:{{c1::Alpha-Thalassemia}}{{c2::Electrophoresis}}{{c3::DNA analysis (prenatal)}}
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Brilliant Cresyl Blue Stain}} is used on the Peripheral Blood Smear for Alpha-Thalassemia.
Published	10/21/2024	True or False: DNA Analysis for Alpha-Thalassemia is done postnatally but not available locally.
Published	10/21/2024	GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY{{c1::Heinz bodies}}: intracellular inclusions in G6PD deficiency which are precipitates of {{c2::denature…
Published	10/21/2024	G6PD deficiency can cause {{c1::both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis::Intravascular hemolysis or Extravascular hemolysis or Both?}}
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY}}Associated with transient episodes of intravascular hemolysis caused by exposure to an environment…
Published	10/21/2024	PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA{{c1::Acquired::Inherited/Acquired}} mutations in {{c1::PIGA (X-linked)}}, a gene required for the synthesis of pho…
Published	10/21/2024	Most featured complication of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Published	10/21/2024	PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIADiagnostics: {{c1::Flow cytogram}}Treatment: {{c1::Eculizumab}}, {{c1::HSC transplant}}
Published	10/21/2024	What antibody is present in warm antibody?IgAIgEIgGIgM
Published	10/21/2024	Temperature of cold antibody?30 degrees celsius32 degrees celsius34 degrees celsius36 degrees celsius
Published	10/21/2024	What is more common, warm or cold antibody?
Published	10/21/2024	Specimen used for Direct Coombs Test
Published	10/21/2024	Specimen used for Indirect Coombs Test
Published	10/21/2024	Positive test in Coombs Test
Published	10/21/2024	TRAUMATIC HEMOLYSISTraumatic hemolysis can be caused by external trauma to red cells such as:
Published	10/21/2024	TRAUMATIC HEMOLYSIS{{c1::Cardiac valve prostheses}} (porcine or bovine valves){{c3::Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia}}: ({{c2::Disseminated intravasc…
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