Notes in 18 Anesthesia Machine

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Published 12/13/2023 The volume lost to compliance is due to {{c1::expansion}} of the circuit in response to positive pressure. 
Published 12/13/2023 Compliance = {{c1::Δ Volume / Δ Pressure}}
Published 12/13/2023 The Mapleson circuit is a {{c1::semi-open}} breathing system. 
Published 12/13/2023 Which component of a Mapleson circuit/Circle system allow gases to leave the circuit?{{c1::Adjustable Pressure-Limiting (APL) Valve}}
Published 12/13/2023 Anesthesia workstations should have at least three disconnect alarms: Low {{c1::peak inspiratory pressure}}Low {{c1::exhaled tidal volume}}Low {{…
Published 12/13/2023 With fresh gas coupling, the total tidal volume delivered to a patient equals:{{c1::Vt (set on ventilator) + FGF during inspiration - Volume lost to c…
Published 12/13/2023 Which class of Mapleson circuit is most efficient for spontaneous ventilation?{{c1::Mapleson A}}
Published 12/13/2023 During controlled ventilation in a Mapleson A circuit, what fresh gas flow rate is required to prevent rebreathing?{{c1::20 L/min}}
Published 12/13/2023 Which class of Mapleson circuit is most efficient for controlled ventilation?{{c1::Mapleson D}}
Published 12/13/2023 In most Mapleson circuits, the fresh gas flow should be around {{c1::2.5}} times the patient's minute ventilation to prevent rebreathing. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::High}} concentrations of sevoflurane, prolonged exposure, and {{c2::low-flow}} anesthetic techniques increase the formation of compound A.
Published 12/13/2023 The length of a circle system affects circuit {{c1::compliance}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 Hypercapnia during general anesthesia causes an/a {{c1::increase}} in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::General::Type}} anesthesia must be administered with an oxygen analyzer in the breathing circuit.
Published 12/13/2023 Three types of oxygen analyzers are available: {{c1::polarographic (Clark electrode)}}, {{c1::galvanic (fuel cell)}}, and {{c1::paramagnetic}}
Published 12/13/2023 Passive humidifiers (HME) trap exhaled {{c1::moisture}} and {{c1::heat}} released on inspiration.
Published 12/13/2023 An {{c1::increase::increase/decrease}} in airway resistance would {{c2::increase::increase/decrease}} peak inspiratory pressure
Published 12/13/2023 In a piston design, the ventilator substitutes an electrically driven piston for the bellows, and the ventilator does not require {{c1::pneumatic (oxy…
Published 12/13/2023 The major advantage of a piston ventilator is its ability to deliver accurate {{c1::tidal volumes}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 An increase in both peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure implies an {{c1::increase::increase/decrease}} in tidal volume or a {{c1::decr…
Published 12/13/2023 An increase in peak inspiratory pressure without any change in plateau pressure signals an increase in {{c1::airway resistance}} or {{c2::inspiratory …
Published 12/13/2023 In mechanically ventilated patients, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is equal to the sum of {{c1::airway resistance pres…
Published 12/13/2023 On machines that couple fresh gas flow to tidal volume, increases in the FGF will {{c1::increase}} the tidal volume. 
Published 12/13/2023 The compliance for standard adult breathing circuits is about {{c1::5}} mL/cm H2O
Published 12/13/2023 A normal O2 consumption (VO2) for a 70 kg adult is approximately {{c1::250}} mL/min, or {{c1::3.5}} mL/kg/min. 
Published 12/13/2023 A {{c1::decrease::increase/decrease}} in lung compliance {{c2::increases::increase/decrease}} peak inspiratory pressure
Published 12/13/2023 In {{c1::pressure controlled volume guaranteed}} ventilation, the ventilator automatically adjusts pressure to maintain a preset tidal volume. 
Published 12/13/2023 The {{c1::low pressure leak}} test assesses the integrity of the circuit from the flowmeter valves to the common gas outlet. 
Published 12/13/2023 The low pressure system leak test fails if a bulb attached to the {{c1::common gas outlet}} inflates within {{c2::10}} seconds. 
Published 12/13/2023 The {{c2::high pressure leak}} test is conducted by closing the APL valve and pressurizing the circuit to {{c1::30}} cm H2O. 
Published 12/13/2023 If a high pressure leak test is done on a machine with a check valve, the test assesses the {{c1::breathing circuit}} and {{c2::low pressure system}}.…
Published 12/13/2023 If a high pressure leak test is done on a machine without a check valve, the test assesses for a leak up to the {{c1::check valve}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 A {{c1::low}} fresh gas flow favors a laminar flow pattern in a Thorpe tube. 
Published 12/13/2023 A {{c1::high}} fresh gas flow favors a turbulent flow pattern in a Thorpe tube. 
Published 12/13/2023 On machines that couple fresh gas flow to tidal volume, decreases in the respiratory rate will {{c1::increase}} the tidal volume. 
Published 12/13/2023 On machines that couple fresh gas flow to tidal volume, decreases in the I:E ratio (1:2 → 1:3) will {{c1::decrease}} the tidal volume. 
Published 12/13/2023 mL of liquid anesthetic used per hour = {{c1::Vol% x FGF x 3}}
Published 12/13/2023 Calculating vaporizer output at elevationRequired dial setting = {{c1::normal dial setting (%) x 760 mmHg / ambient pressure (mmHg)}}
Published 12/13/2023 A reduced FiO2 during low flow anesthesia is usually due to increases in {{c1::oxygen consumption}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 In anesthesia machines, {{c1::fresh gas decoupling}} isolates tidal volume delivered from the flowmeters and oxygen flush valve. 
Published 12/13/2023 The positive pressure relief valve opens at {{c1::75}} cm H2O on a piston ventilator. 
Published 12/13/2023 The negative pressure relief valve opens at {{c1::-8}} cm H2O on a piston ventilator. 
Published 12/13/2023 What type of ventilators decouple fresh gas flow?{{c1::Piston ventilators}}
Published 12/13/2023 When a patient initiates spontaneous breaths on the ventilator, the piston {{c1::does not move}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::Volume}} controlled ventilation is associated with a fixed inspiratory flow rate. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::Pressure}} control ventilation is used to compensate for leaks.
Published 12/13/2023 A negative deflection on a ventilator monitor before a breath indicates a {{c1::spontaneous breath}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 What ventilator mode is best for apneic patients?{{c1::Controlled mandatory ventilation}}
Published 12/13/2023 What ventilator mode provides a back-up rate if apnea is detected?{{c1::PSV-Pro}}
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)}} involves high levels of pressure that are released at preset intervals. 
Published 12/13/2023 The major drawbacks to using APRV and IRV ventilation modes in patients with ARDS is the need for {{c1::paralysis}} and the risk of {{c2::auto-peep}}.…
Published 12/13/2023 What ventilator malfunction is suggested by increased peak pressures not relieved by removing a patient from the ventilator?{{c1::Scavenger failure}}
Published 12/13/2023 What equation is used to calculate the flowmeter FiO2?{{c1::}}
Published 12/13/2023 How much PEEP does a piston ventilator add to the circuit?{{c1::None}}
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